NO. 373: IN MEMORIAM

by Epiphany Bible Students


No. 373

It is now just seventy years since Brother Russell finished his earthly journey; but those few who knew him personally still hold warm and fragrant memory of his personality and scholarly understanding of the Bible and related subjects. And many of us who never met him hold fond memories by considering his record, and from the things told us by these who did know him personally. Thus, we shall endeavor to pass on some of such recollections, along with quotations from some of those who are no longer with us.

First, we shall offer 2 Tim. 3:16,17: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; That the man of God may be perfect, thoroly furnished unto all good works.” It will be readily noticed that this is a very poor translation as found in the King James version, because “is” after Scripture is in italics, telling us there is no corresponding word in the original Greek. But even if this were not so, we could easily deduce that the statement cannot possibly be true, because ‘scripture’ in the broad sense is anything written – including newspapers, magazines, books of fiction, etc. Certainly, no one would contend that such writings are given “by inspiration of God.”

In a more restricted sense, scripture may be applied to cherished writings of the various heathen religions, such as those from Confucius, Mohammed, etc. However, these likewise cannot be described as being inspired of God. It would seem that any one even moderately schooled in Present Truth should know this; yet the Jehovah’s Wit­nesses published a book as late as 1963, the title of which is “ALL SCRIPTURE IS IN­SPIRED OF GOD AND BENEFICIAL.” (Emphasis ours—JJH) And in their strenuous effort to be ‘different,’ they offer the word ‘beneficial’ for profitable; but of the leading Greek scholars – such as Doctors Young, Strong, Rotherham and Wilson – not one of them offers the word ‘beneficial’ as a good translation substitute for ‘profitable.’ Even Brother Russell himself – who was not a Greek scholar – saw the error in the text as early as 1897, and omitted the word “is” from the Manna Comments of May 21; thus, the Witnesses would not have made this blunder had they held proper regard for his excel­lent Biblical interpretations.

Following is an excellent translation of the text by Benjamin Wilson: “All Scrip­ture, divinely inspired, is indeed profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correc­tion, for that discipline which is in righteousness; so that the man of God may be complete, thoroly fitted for every good work.” We have offered the foregoing detail because some of those who knew Brother Russell intimately before his demise in 1916 often referred to him as “that wonderful man of God,” their substance being taken from this writing of St. Paul.

“A PROPHET UNTO THE NATIONS”

At the outset, we would stress that Brother Russell is shown in more Scripture and types than any other person on this earth, except our Lord Jesus; and it is our belief that one of such typical instances is the Prophet Jeremiah in his acts and words. In Jer. 1:4-6 there is this: “The word of the Lord came unto me, saying.... I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations. Then said I, Ah, Lord God! behold I can­not speak; for I am a child.” In verse 1 we have “The words of Jeremiah” – the name meaning Jehovah is exalted. Certainly the name itself applies most fittingly to Bro. Russell, whose firm and repeated expression was “God first,” which attitude well ap­plied to him all during his entire adult life. Also, the statement, “I am a child” points fittingly to him. At the outset of his ministry in 1874, knowing his ignorance of Hebrew and Greek, he considered himself but a babe in Biblical exegesis; and for seven years – to 1881 – he always tried to place those with superior education before him because he considered them better qualified. But the Lord knew what He was doing when He called Brother Russell to be His special mouthpiece – “the prophet unto the nations.” Note verses 7-9, “The Lord said unto me, Say not, I am a child: for thou shalt go to all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I shall command thee thou shalt speak... The Lord put forth his hand, and touched my mouth ... said unto me, Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth.”

Looking back, it is very easy to discern the fulfillment of these words. That Ser­vant predicted the end of the Gentile Times (Luke 21:24) 25 years before 1914. During that 25 years he received much vilification and ridicule from various sources; and by 1913 – with the world then in seeming calm – some in high position said a general world war among the then friendly (?) nations was just so much nonsense. But, when 1914 came – with the great explosion on July 28, August 1 – great numbers began to have a differ­ent view and respect for what he said. In fact, a conference of Southern ministers openly stated that Pastor Russell had been right in his predictions.

To emphasize the strong parallel between him and Jeremiah we need only to consider the parallel dispensations: It was just 2520 years before 1914 (in the Fall of 607 B.C) that Jerusalem was taken by Nebuchadnessar, the temple was ravished and the gold and sil­ver vessels carried away to Babylon. That was exactly what Jeremiah had predicted – in the face of the severe criticism of the Jewish priesthood – just as Brother Russell had predicted against the disputations of the ministers of Christendom. Jeremiah had not predicted the beginning of Gentile dominion, because it was not possible for him to see that then; but Brother Russell, knowing that “seven times shall pass over thee” (Dan. 4 25,32), and understanding that those “seven times” would end 2520 years later, did not have much difficulty in figuring out when they would end, once he knew when they began.

Let us carry on now to Jer. 1:11-14: “What seest thou? And I said, I see a rod of an almond tree.” As explained in Tabernacle Shadows, p. 122, the almond rod symbolizes the royal priesthood, elect and fruitful; and this fact was seen very clearly by Bro. Russell in 1879, when he wrote Tabernacle Shadows. “The second time, What seest thou? And I said I see a seething pot... an evil shall break forth upon all the inhabitants of the land.” This “seething pot” was the Time of Trouble, which would come with the end of the Gentile Times; and those of us who were living at that time still have most vivid memory of that holocaust. Even though the United States was not immediately involved (we did not enter the war until April 1917), the uproar was so great and the shaking of society in all the great countries of the earth was so severe that the New York Stock Ex­change was forced to close down for three months – “an evil shall break forth upon all the inhabitants of the land.”

This great conflict – up to then the world’s greatest calamity – was also typed by Elijah smiting Jordan.  In that picture Jordan pictured Christendom; and its smiting portrayed how the various elements of society would be divided into two distinct classes – the conservatives and the radicals; and this has become more pronounced each year since 1914, with the radicals generally victorious – just as the Babylonians (who typed the radicals of our day) won victory after victory until the final one saw the complete collapse of Jerusalem, and the beginning of the desolation of the land for seventy years: “The word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as long as she lay desolate, she kept sabbath, to fulfill threescore and ten years.” (2 Chron. 36:21)

God further instructed Brother Russell to confess the sins of Christendom over the head of Azazel’s Goat – “the house of Jacob, and all the families of the house of Israel.” (Jer. 2:4) In the Old Testament the Gospel-Age Christians are never called Jacob; rather, Jacob almost always refers to natural Israel; whereas, Israel usually is used to designate the Christian Household. And of both these houses Jeremiah said: “I brought you into a plentiful country... but when ye entered, ye defiled my land, and made mine heritage an abomination.” (v. 7) This statement is indeed a true declaration of the Church history. Under Jesus and the Apostles “the people which sat in darkness saw great light.” (Matt. 4:16) But the intervening years up to 1874 had witnessed the distortion of that “great light” into all sorts of weird concoctions; with practically all of them – Protestant and Catholic – becoming infested with “their resemblance through all the earth.” (Zech. 5:6) The four great errors that arose during the Gospel Age are the Trinity, immortality, eternal torment and probation limited to this life. In these four great errors most Protestants and all Greek and Roman Catholics resemble one another – they are “their resemblance through all the earth.”

Once Brother Russell became fortified with the Truth against these great errors he employed all of his remarkable skill and energy in onslaught against them. His favor­ite address to the public was “Where Are The Dead?” For forty years he battled with all courage against the theory of eternal torment as the wages of sin, and so well did he analyze those Scriptures that treated of that subject, that toward the end of his min­istry one newspaper carried four stanzas of poetry, the last quatrain of which was some­thing like this:

There is a man in our town

Whose name I need not tell;

I’m sure you all must know him,

Because he put the fires out of Hell.

Today few educated ministers believe in the doctrine of Hell-fire, although some of them occasionally preach it, perhaps believing it to be a restraint upon evil-doers. All concordances and critical translations of the Bible clearly dispute the thought of eter­nal torment as the wages of sin. “For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.” (Rom. 6:23)

Brother Russell received strong assurance from the Lord for the work he was to do, as told to Jeremiah in vs. 17 & 18: “Speak unto them (the people of Christendom) all that I shall command thee: be not dismayed at their faces.... I have made thee this day a defenced city” – immovable and strong as against society, against the various sects in Christendom, against the four prominent classes in American society: Rulers, capital­ists, aristocracy and labor, particularly against their leaders. These are the “four angels” – messengers of wrath – as set forth in Rev. 7:1-3 – whose destructive work was restrained “till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.” Although these all, some more, some less, waged controversies against him, God assured him of full victory: “They shall fight against thee; but they shall not prevail against thee; for I am with the... to deliver thee.” Surely, as we look back, we are able to see how forcefully this was fulfilled in the work he did.

When the prophecy was made, “They (the gainsayers) shall not prevail against thee,” it was not an idle promise; God gave him the Parousia Truth as his “strong tower,” which proved to be impregnable against the combined attacks of all adversaries. The promise made to Joshua (1:5): “There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days of thy life,” certainly applied to Brother Russell with great emphasis. Those who attempted to engage him in controversy soon came within the scope of Rev. 16:10  “They gnawed their tongues for pain.” Many of them resorted to slander, which was their weap­on of last resort; but it may be said of Brother Russell that he never reciprocated in kind; with the strong and clear and Biblical system of truth he had, there was certain­ly no need to cheapen himself by using the tools of the “god of this world.” (2 Cor. 4:4) The Parousia Truth was indeed a “defenced city” for him. (Jer. 1:18)

Chapter 2 of Jeremiah carries on in much the same fashion as the first Chapter. Brother Russell was commanded to shout his message from the housetops, and it is a mat­ter of record that he did just that. “Go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem (type of Christendom here in the end of the Age), saying, ‘Thus saith the Lord: I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth (when the pristine purity of Christianity was established under the guidance of Jesus and the Apostles), the love of thine espousals, when thou wentest after me in the wilderness” – “The woman (the true church) fled in the wilder­ness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that they should feed her there a thous­and two hundred and threescore days” (the 1260 years from 539 to 1799 AD) Verse 3 continues: “Israel (the true church) was holiness unto the Lord, the firstfruits of his increase.”

But that condition had become greatly changed “in the time of the end” (Dan. 12:4 – from 1799, and especially after 1874). Thus, antitypical Jeremiah was prompted to raise the question: (v.5) ‘‘What iniquity have your fathers found in me, that they are gone far from me, and have walked after vanity, and are become vain?” The nominal church from 1874 is described in similar criticism to what Jeremiah said to the Jews before the fall of Jerusalem in 607 BC: “Thou sayest, I am rich and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked.” (Rev. 3:17) Following are some of the Berean Comments on this text: “Possessing little of the truth and the spirit of the truth... Cannot see afar off.... cannot see the high calling for the Church or restitution for the poor world... stripped of the robe of Christ’s righteousness by the clergy, in the name of Higher Criticism and Evolution.”

Having come to the condition of full complacency – “rich and increased with goods” – they poised the insolent question (Jer. 2:8): “Where is the Lord, that brought us up out of the land of Egypt (typical of the delivery of the Gospel-Age church, which had been delivered from antitypical Egypt, “this present evil world”), that led us through the wilderness.. the shadow of death (“the wages of sin is death”).. and (v. 7) I brought you into a plentiful country.. but ye defiled my land.. and made my heritage an abom­ination.” “We have need of nothing”!

The question carries on in v. 11: “Hath a nation changed their gods... but my people have changed their glory for that which does not profit”; and because of this they “be astonished... be horribly afraid... very desolate (v. 12).” During this “time of the end” nominal Christendom committed two evils – they gave up God as their God, though He is the only source of life-giving Truth; and they developed creeds: “broken cisterns that can hold no water.” (v. 13) “Their cities are burned without an inhabitant” – an evil which they brought upon themselves. “Hast thou not procured this unto thyself, in that thou has forsaken the Lord thy God, when he led thee by the way?” (v. 17)

“Yes I had planted thee a noble vine, wholly a right seed.” (v. 21) When we review the superb religious system which God had given Israel under Moses and Aaron, and the downward course they pursued in the following years, it is most difficult to understand how that could have been possible. Yet their course was but a forecast of the downward course of Christendom after the departure of the Apostles. Indeed, “A just man falleth seven times, but he riseth up again.” (Prov. 24:16) The words of Solomon in this text are a terse statement of the history of the Gospel-Age Church in its seven epochs, as outlined in Revelation, Chapters 2 and 3. Each of these epochs began with a virile mes­sage of Truth – first with Jesus and the Apostles, then followed with the ministry of the remaining “six stars” (Rev. 1:16); but in every instance those that came after the various stars quickly retrograded into much error and decay of morale – as their prede­cessors had done.

Finally in 1874 came That Servant (Matt. 24:46), faced with an accumulation of the colossal errors of the entire Age – a fact which would have discouraged any man who had not the encouragement of the Lord Himself: “I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the priests thereof, and against the people.” (Jer. 1:18) But just as in times past, the finely-tuned system of Parousia Truth which he left was bandied about by some of his followers – particularly by the Jehovah’s Witnesses – so that if his writings and their writings are placed side by side now, no unbiased mind would believe they should he recognized as coming from the same source – which indeed they do not.

THE TRUE VINE Vs. THE VINE OF THE EARTH

The “noble vine” established through Moses and Aaron was all that the expression implies; and all will surely agree that had the Jews adhered to the Law Covenant through their continuing priesthood they would have developed into a nation the likes of which the world had never known. On the last night before He was crucified Jesus had told the Disciples, “I am the true vine” (John 15:1), thus identifying Himself as the anti­type of the “noble vine” God had planted in Israel; and Christians generally would have done well to “continue in His word.” But instead, they developed the “vine of the earth” (Rev. 14:18,19); and the angel was commanded to “gather it... and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God” – the great Time of Trouble, which began in 1914 at the end of the Gentile Times.

“The vine of the earth” in these texts is the great Papal system which is slowly being consumed – much the same as are grapes that are pressed for their juice. And Paul tells us that this system is “the wicked one” (2 Thes. 2:8), whom the Lord “shall destroy with the brightness of His coming.” The word “brightness” in this text is from the Greek ‘epiphaneia,’ which is literally ‘bright shining’; and “coming” is from the Greek ‘parou­sia.’ Thus, the text properly stated should read, “whom the Lord will destroy with the bright shining of His Presence.”

This has been progressing slowly, but surely, since 1914 – in harmony with the state­ment in Dan. 7:11: “I beheld even till the beast was slain, and his body destroyed, and given to the burning flame” – just another expression for the Time of Trouble. And just as much of Jeremiah’s message is harsh condemnation of the Jews, so much that That Ser­vant wrote and preached was harsh condemnation of the “vine of the earth” – although he never resorted to reviling or slander in any of his statements; the Truth that he had was more than enough.  And just as Jeremiah had been told, “speak unto them all that I command thee,” so Pastor Russell uttered the scathing message against nominal Christen­dom as it was revealed to him in the Word of Truth.

It is probably in order here to state that many features of the Gospel Age have been re-enacted here in the end of the Age, one of these being a little Papal System in the organization of Jehovah’s Witnesses. And just as the large Papal system “shall think to change times and laws” (Dan. 7:25), so this little Papal system has also changed times and laws; in fact, they have made so many changes in their chronology and in some others of their teachings that few, if any, of them know just what they do believe. How­ever, when we analyze big and little Papacy we assuredly do not include all members of those organizations in our criticism. It is our conviction that there are many noble and honorable people in both systems – some of whom are our good personal friends; but they have not given themselves to the research on the subject that we have done.

Jeremiah continues his castigation in chapter 2:21,22: “I had planted thee a noble vine: how then art thou turned into the degenerate plant of a strange vine unto me?.... Though thou take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me.” Of course, such scathing denunciations aroused the sharp animosity of the Jews, who eventually did Jer­emiah to death by stoning him. He was a “speckled bird” (Jer. 12:9) – a man marked for contempt and persecution from early manhood, as was also Brother Russell. Yet the de­termination of both of them caused them to hew to the line to the end of life’s journey.

But, as some men are determined to declare the Word of Truth in purity and sincer­ity, so others are just as determined to go the way of Balaam, who was a type of those who teach error for profit. Thus they play the symbolic harlot with strangers. “I have loved strangers, and after them will I go.” (Jer. 2:25) “Have gone astray, follow­ing the way of Balaam.” (2 Pet. 2:15) “Thou hast them there that hold the doctrine of Balaam.” (Rev. 2:14) See the Berean Comment on both these texts – “Type of class that teach error for profit.” The Revelation text was directed to the Church of Per­gamos, the third epoch of the Gospel Age, which had its beginning about 315 AD when Emperor Constantine embraced the Christian religion and contaminated it with many of his former heathen beliefs.

The heathen beliefs and customs accumulated with each succeeding epoch of the Gospel-Age Church, many of which were discernible even to worldly men of good charac­ter. The nominal church had become clustered with hypocrites, as stated in Rev. 18:2: “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.” Many “jail” birds were members of some great religious system at 1914; thus, the call had gone out, “Come out of her, my people.” (Rev. 18:4) This is emphasized by the Prophet Jeremiah (2:26, 27): “As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so is the house of Israel ashamed; they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and their prophets (many of the leading clergy at 1914 openly admitted they accepted only such parts of the Bible as suited their taste).. they have turned their back unto me, and not their face; but in the time of their trouble (which came upon them in 1914) they will say, Arise, and save us.”

At that time we were a faithful member of the Lutheran Church; and, when the preacher arose in the pulpit and urged the congregation to support the war in every way possible, we went to him to inquire how he could do such a thing, when the Lutheran Church had originated in Germany, with a large part of the population then members of that Church. Therefore, he was advising Lutherans to kill brother Lutherans instead of “we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren” (1 John 3:16) as we are instructed by God’s Word; and we left his house never to return. The same could be said of the Ro­man Catholics in Italy, who were pitted against the Catholics in Romanist Austria. Thus, Jeremiah continued his charge: “Where are thy gods that thou hast made? Let them arise if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble.. Ye all have transgressed against me, saith the Lord.” (Jer. 2:28,29) Wars always bring out the worst in people; and this was especially true of the 1914 conflagration. They had made dead churches their moth­ers, having rejected God; yet they called upon Him in their Time of Trouble. Thus, the accusation: “Your children have received no correction: your own sword hath devoured your prophets, like a destroying lion.” (v. 30) These truths were boldly and repeated­ly proclaimed by Brother Russell; and he and his followers received much persecution from the nominal church; hence the charge, “In thy skirts is found the blood of the souls of the poor innocents.” (v. 34) This is repeated in Rev. 18:24: “In her (the nominal church) was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.”

Thus far we have considered only two chapters of the 52 chapters in the Jeremiah writings; and we hope to continue the book at some future time. However, we believe all our readers who have been even passingly schooled in Present Truth will recognize the pointed application to the writings and sayings of Brother Russell as he repeatedly set them forth. Briefly, Jeremiah was “the prophet unto the nations” for forty years before the capitulation of Jerusalem; Brother Russell was “the prophet unto the nations” for forty years before the collapse of Christendom in 1914. The former foretold the overthrow of Jerusalem, with the Tribes of Judah and Benjamin (the ten tribes had already been transplanted to Babylon 133 years previously by Shalmaneser, the Assyrian king – see 2 Kgs. 17:1-7 – and subsequently became the “ten lost tribes” of Israel); Brother Russell foretold the collapse of Christendom 2520 years later; and he gave his forecast about 25 years before the event occurred. The same conditions prevailed in both places before their collapse; and the current evils were  repeatedly and truthfully castigated by both men.

In closing, we would say that much of the foregoing has been gleaned from the writings of the Epiphany Messenger, who left us on October 22, 1950 – 34 years almost to the day after Pastor Russell died. Thus we take this occasion to pay grateful tribute to both of them. We have made the major elaboration for Brother Russell, because his work and office in the Lord’s Household was much superior to that of Brother Johnson.  And, just as there were no successors to the twelve Apostles, so there was no successor to That Servant – although since his death there have been faithful mouthpieces, of whom the Epiphany Messenger was foremost.  But we would emphasize here that he did not set aside any of That Servant’s basic teachings; rather, he scrupulously defended the gen­eral structure of Parousia Truth, and used that Truth as a foundation for his own teach­ings in the Epiphany.

The same is true of us regarding the teachings of both of these faithful servants; we “continue in that which we have learned and been assured of (from them), knowing of whom we have learned them” (2 Tim. 3:14). However, we would stress that none of the faithful mouthpieces of the Lord since the Apostles fell asleep were infallible; they made mistakes, as Church history relates. The same may be said for the Parousia and Epiphany Messengers: They also made mistakes – especially as relates the time features concerning future events; but their basic chronology we accept exactly as they gave it, altho we reject some of their conclusions which time itself has proven such expectations premature. We feel those faulty conclusions were permitted of the Lord for “the trial of your faith”; and we regard them in this light. –

We believe that both of these messengers come well within the Scripture: “The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance.” (Psalms 112:6)

Sincerely your brother, John J. Hoefle, Pilgrim

(Reprint of No. 256, October 1976)

Will "that Servant's" work endure?

Ah, yes! Of this we may be sure

For he was faithful, wise and true

And brought forth truths, both old and new.

Though Satan's error now enshrouds

And hides the light with darkest clouds

Our God will shake and then remove

All things that He cannot approve.

"Truth crushed to earth shall rise again"

And in its purity remain,

Unconquered by the Devil's arts

In even its minutes parts.

Will "that Servant's" work endure?

Ah, yes, with all that's good and pure!

For sin and error flee away

Before the light of the coming Day!

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Sister Hoefle:

Thank you very much for the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell. Please send me two more of these books. God's Blessings and all good wishes be with you.

Very sincerely your brother, ------- (AUSTRIA)

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Dear Brethren:

I am a Bible Student living in Omaha, Nebraska. I have just learned that your group has made available literature related to the Divine Plan of the Ages as expressed by Pastor Charles Russell. Would you be kind enough to send me information on tracts or books available through your office? I would like to order them at once.

You may also send copies of any or all such literature and enclose an invoice and be assured of a check covering the amount by return mail.

Thank you in advance for your help. Sincerely, ------- (NEBRASKA)

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Dear Friends,

I would like to take advantage of your offer of the book "About Pastor Charles Russell," if the offer is still in effect. Thank you! ……. (OHIO)

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Dear Brethren: Christian love!

Would appreciate a copy "About Pastor Charles Russell" mailed to the address below:..

Praise Him for "Present Truth through 'that Servant."'

Thank you! ------- (WASHINGTON)

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Dear Brethren:

Please send me a copy of the book "About Pastor Charles Russell." I have been witnessing to five JW's in our area. Two of them are around 55 years old and have heard about Pastor Russell in a very small way. The other three knew nothing about Brother Russell and were surprised when I informed them. They have been to my home twice, and say they will return. This book will help me to explain things to them.

If there is any cost, please let us know. Thank you!

Yours in Christ, ------- (INDIANA)

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Dear Sirs:

I have been receiving your bulletins for a long time now. I have been very much interested in the teachings of Pastor Russell, I would so very much love to have the new book "About Pastor Russell." Please tell me the cost, and where and how I could get the book, and any other books I might find enlightening.

Sincerely, ------- (MISSOURI)

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Dear Mr. Horowitz:

Thanks much for your book on Pastor Russell. Indeed, I learned much from it not only about him but also about that which happened after his death. You have earned our gratitude – even as you have earned his from his eternal rest.

Warmest personal regards, -------------(ISRAEL)

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Dear Sr. Hoefle,

What a wonderful surprise I received in the mail last week. Thank you so much for sending me the book on Pastor Russell. It is gratifying to learn that Pastor Russell's good name is being defended and that the Jews are more and more recognizing him as a true lover of God, the Truth and the Jews, as His chosen people.

Enclosed is a check to cover the cost of the book and postage. Thanks again!

With Christian love, ------- (CONNECTICUT)

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Dear Brethren:\

I would appreciate a copy of the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell" by David Horowitz. Can I get them from a bookstore?

Please let me know the cost so I can forward a check right away. Thank you and God bless you.

Sincerely, ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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Dear Aunt Emily,

It is good to be home with a break in college. As you know I go to Gardner Webb College and thought you would like to read a letter I received from the college library. The following quote is from the letter:

"Thank you for sharing the volume about "Pastor Charles Taze Russell" with us. The students and faculty will appreciate having access to this information. Please let us know if we can help you in any way.

Sincerely, ----------, Library Director ------- (NORTH CAROLINA)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Grace and peace!

Thank you for your letter of the 7th. We did not receive the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell." Thank you very much for offering to send me a copy. Your papers have been quite interesting and informative. May the Lord bless you as you endeavor to   please Him daily. With warm Christian love and gratefully, ....… (ILLINOIS)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in the Master's Name!

I was given your circular to read and was very interested to find you have a book by David Horowitz on "Pastor Charles Russell." I would appreciate a copy as offered to those who request one.

My husband is very interested in reading about Pastor Russell, as he believes the teachings that he has read in the volumes so far. He was a Catholic before our marriage, but now attends the meetings with Truth friends. I believe the book would be a help to us both. Thank you for your offer in your pamphlet. God bless you for your good service!

Christian love, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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NO. 372: TIMES OF REFRESHING - TIMES OF RESTITUTION

by Epiphany Bible Students


No 372

In Acts 3:19–24 the Apostle Peter was calling to the attention of the Jews the promise that God had made to Abraham, saying, “In thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed.” The word ‘restitution’ in the text means restoration; or, as Rotherham states it, “the times of the due establishment of all things..... But indeed all the prophets – from Samuel and those following after – as many as have spoken have announced these days.” The Apostle here is contrasting the ‘refreshing times’ to come with the present dry and dying condition of the human race – likened to grass that with­ers and sears for lack of rain. And he proceeds to stress that the Prophet Samuel and all who came after him had spoken of these ‘refreshing times’ to come. This was one of the first public speeches that came from any of the Apostles after Pentecost, and it is in fact just another way of preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom. Often it is recorded of Jesus that He ‘went about preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom’ (Matt. 4:23; 9:35 Mark 1:14), which the Apostle Peter here declares to be the ‘times of restitution,’ so the question is properly in order, What conclusions are we to draw from this?

It would seem that such an important and far–reaching doctrine as this should have prominent recognition wherever and whenever the Christian religion is preached. But what do we find? So far as we are concerned, we have never once – over the past sixty years – ever heard Acts 3:19–24 even mentioned from the pulpits of Big Babylon; much less has any attempt been made to explain it.  Since men usually preach the things they understand and love, we can but conclude that the silence on this part of Scripture is due to the lack of knowledge of those who should be declaring it.

Perhaps the most of us who have any understanding at all of Harvest Truth would testify that one of the very first things we heard from the platform and in private conversation, too, was discussion of the “times of restitution”; and this is still a very prominent and favorite discussion among the various groups of Truth people who were emanated from Parousia Truth. But, tragic though it be, some of them have perverted the real truth on the subject – have twisted it out of all recognition to the way That Servant gave it to us – prominent among them are the Jehovah’s Witnesses.

All during the Age, since the death of the Apostles (or shortly thereafter), the doctrine of Restitution was completely lost, as represented in Luke 15:8,9, by the woman in the parable who had ten pieces of silver, had lost one – sought diligently till she found it, then “calleth her friends and neighbors together, saying, Rejoice with me; for I have found the piece which I had lost.” The woman in the parable is the Church, which had lost sight of one cardinal doctrine of the Bible – Restitution – and it was not until the Harvest that this great truth was once more recognized with great rejoic­ing.  After the Harvest work had attracted a following, and the Pilgrims began to cir­culate, That Servant often urged them all to preach Restitution. That was especially emphasized with those Sunday speakers that were sent out from the Bible House on week­ends. It was indeed “Good Tidings of great joy” to all who received it with grateful hearts.

Those of us who are at all familiar with the situation know that That Servant gave a very clear and convincing presentation of the times of Restitution; and his entire following was almost a solid unit in accepting it the way he taught it. But what do we find since his death? We find many who once seemed to understand the subject have now perverted it out of all recognition to the manner in which they had once accepted it. Chief among these is Jehovah’s Witnesses, who now have consigned Adam to annihilation, which idea is actually a denial of the Ransom – although they would not admit that. How­ever, since Adam was the only perfect man on earth aside from Jesus Himself; and since the word Ransom itself means a corresponding price, an exact duplicate, Adam is actually the only one who could be ransomed. Therefore, St. Paul gives the philosophy, “As all in Adam die, so all in Christ shall be made alive.” When ransom is provided for Adam, that act becomes the inheritance for all of us – just as all of us inherited the death penalty for sin which was passed to him. But the Witnesses now leave out a very large section of the human race in their presentation of Restitution. To all who understand the phi­losophy of the Ransom, it is an elementary conclusion – that if Adam wouldn’t be awakened, none of the rest would be awakened.

They are now telling us that all living today who do not accept them will never be awakened – never experience restitution – at a time when the Devil is bound, and nothing but Truth will be taught. In Isaiah, Chapter 35, there is this: “Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. (v. 5) And an highway (an easy way) shall be there, and a way (Christ the Mediator), and it shall be called The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it shall be for those: the wayfaring men (the restitutionists), though fools (‘fools’ according to Psa. 53:1 are atheists), shall not err therein.” (v. 8) Also Rev. 22:5 tells us, “There will be no night (error) there.” The Jehovah’s Witnesses admit that Satan is still blinding the eyes of those who believe not – yet they are dividing the Sheep from the Goats during this Time of Trouble when Satan is more active “blinding the eyes of those who believe not” than ever before.

When they say all present “unbelievers” in them will be annihilated in the approaching Armageddon, it is a far–cry from the “good news” taught by That Servant, who had a message of hope for the groaning creation; and they claim That Servant as their founder! He is not the founder of their errors, but is the founder of The Watch Tower Bible and Tract So­ciety, which the errorists took over after his demise. This simply reveals that they do not understand, or will not accept, the meaning of “the gospel of the kingdom,” as St. Paul so clearly states it in Gal. 3:8: “The Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, in thee shall all nations be blessed.” Most of these heathen have never even heard the name of Christ; and there are quite a few today who have never heard of Jehovah’s Witnesses despite their world–wide ministry.

So this “annihilation” in Armageddon, according to the Jehovah’s Witnesses, will in­clude the majority of the people living – quite a few of whom are honorable, benevolent and kind to all with whom they have to do – their besetting sin being that they cannot accept the Jehovah’s Witnesses and their errors. We continue to teach the gospel of Christ (Good Tidings to all mankind), which not only includes all unbelievers in the Wit­nesses, but the believers in Jehovah’s Witnesses, the grand and glorious restitution work of that blessed Kingdom. Those who teach the Truth are far more generous to those who teach error than the errorists are to them.

They can no longer teach John 5:28,29: “Marvel not at this: for the hour is com­ing, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice. And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of judgment.” (Damnation is a mistranslation: judgment is the cor­rect translation, which is for all Restitutionists. See Diaglott.) Also, Acts. 24:15: “There shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust.”

Many of our readers are familiar with the teaching of the Witnesses, by which, for a number of years, they put forth their ‘Jonadabs’ as the Restitution class. They still retain much the same view, except that they now call their Jonadabs the Great Multitude of Rev. 7:9–17. All Bible logic is against such an interpretation, because the language and setting of Revelation 7 clearly depict a class on the spirit plane – “before the throne” – which is in Heaven. This is another text that they have set aside the  interpre­tation of That Servant and substituted their own interpretation, which is error. There are at least two other Truth groups that likewise teach a superior Restitution class that is being developed now – Consecrated Epiphany Campers and Quasi–elect Consecrated. To refute these errors we need only bear in mind that we are still in the Gospel Age – ­the Faith Age; and during this Age the merit of Jesus is only for Himself and His house – for all those who honestly accept Him as their Savior and walk a ‘narrow way.’ And during this Faith Age there is only one place where His merit can be obtained – tenta­tively or reckonedly – that is, in the Court of the antitypical Gospel–Age Tabernacle. Both these groups have their non-existent classes outside the linen curtain of the Gospel-Age Tabernacle – outside the righteousness of Christ in this Faith Age.

The antitypical Camp is Christendom in general – those people, those systems which make at least a token acceptance of Jesus as their Saviour – who wish to be on ‘speaking terms’ with Him, although they do not wish an intimate acquaintance – they do not wish to know Him well enough to do His “good, and acceptable and perfect will.” (Rom. 12:1–3) “I am the way”; and there is only one manner in which that “way” can be obtained, and that is by taking the step from the Camp, through the Tabernacle Gate, and into the Court, whereby “Justification by faith” has been obtainable all during the Faith Age; and it is still the only way, be­cause we are yet in the Gospel (faith) Age. We would emphasize that a place in the typical Tabernacle is a condition in antitype in this Faith Age.

There would seem to be little excuse for such distortions for those who have received Harvest Truth. According to Mal. 3:3, one of the specific missions of Jesus at His Second Advent would be to “sit as a refiner and purifier of silver.” The ‘silver’ in this text is the Truth; and all familiar with the situation know that the Truth has shone with great brilliance during the Harvest pe­riod. The meaning of the text is better revealed by the following:: “refiner and polisher of silver” (the truth).

While the truth on Baptism, the Lord’s Supper, the state of the dead, etc., were understood fairly well by some groups of Christendom before 1874, it remained for the Har­vest Messenger to refine and elaborate upon every one of them with telling force. This is better understood when we consider that the word ‘purifier’ in our text would be better rendered ‘polisher.’ It is from the Hebrew ‘metaher,’ one of whose meanings is brighten­er or polisher. Thus, at His Second Advent our Lord not only refines – purges the dross of error from the Truth – but He also brightens or polishes it.

Our text says He ‘shall sit’ as a refiner and polisher. At the time of the first Advent the speaker usually sat down, as the audience stood up; and in the Talmud ‘to sit’ is almost synonymous with ‘to teach.’ Jesus was indeed the teacher; but when He said the Scribes and Pharisees “sit in Moses’ seat,” He meant they were setting themselves forth as the teachers of the people – just as Moses had done when he gave them the Law at Sinai. Also, Jesus now sits on His throne, as does a king, a judge on his bench, etc. Thus, He is the executive, the authority, the official opponent of error and developer of truth. And this is not only true of religious truth, but it is also true in great degree of secular truth, as is apparent on every hand. Satan has done an excellent job of cor­rupting secular and religious truth over the centuries; and none but our all–powerful Divine Lord would be capable of undoing the damage. But He has come with the golden crown on His head as evidence that He has the power and the authority to extirpate the damage of the past.

To polish anything requires a cleansing agent to be applied with muscular strength. And how has this been specially done since 1874? Mainly through much controversy. In con­troversy the Truth comes out – just as necessity is said to be the mother of invention. Therefore, those who object to controversy are actually objecting to one of the special missions of our Lord since 1874, and are imposing a deception on those who listen to them. But our chief purpose in giving this explanation is to focus attention upon the ‘outer darkness’ (See Matt. 25:30 on the “unprofitable servant” and the Berean Comment) of those who once saw Restitution in its brilliance and clarity, but who have now sullied it so badly by their perversions. We can but conclude that this reveals something woefully wrong in the hearts of such; the evidence clearly points to just that.

SEEKING THAT WHICH WAS LOST

In Matt. 18:11 we have the words of Jesus, “The Son of Man is come to seek and to save that–which was lost.” The question now properly arises, What was lost? We would answer that four things have been lost – things which man once had in his pristine purity. First of all, after the transgression in the Garden of Eden, he lost his intimate and friendly relationship with his Creator.  Second, he lost his perfect home in the Garden. “The Lord God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So He drove the man out.” (Gen. 3:23,24) Third, man’s dominion was lost. “Let man have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the cattle, and over the fowl of the air ... and over ever every living thing that moveth upon the earth.” (Gen. 1:26–28)

In Heb. 2:8 St. Paul quotes from Psa. 8:4–8: “Thou hast put all things in subjec­tion under his feet. ... But now we see not yet all things put under him.” It surely needs no argument that man has lost his dominion; animals often trample man under foot, instead of man dominating them. We have been told that the Kodiak bear (a brown bear larger than the grizzly) is so ferocious that it is not necessary for the hunter to look for him; once he knows there is a hunter in his locale he will come looking for him ­and often with deadly results to the hunter. And the fourth thing that man lost is his life.  “Lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever.” (Gen. 3:22) Man was not created to die; he was created to live; and the Scripture is clear enough that he would have continued to “live forever” had he remained in his perfect Edenic home. And all four of these things Jesus said He came to “seek and to save.” We shall offer detail on this later in this article.

THE RESTITUTION PROCESS

Just as there were four things lost, so we have four component parts to accomplish the Restitution, the restoration. These are clearly set forth in Psa. 103:2–5: “Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget not all His benefits: (1) Who forgiveth all thine iniq­uities; (2) Who healeth all thy diseases; (3) Who redeemeth thy life from destruction; (4) Who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies ... Thy youth is renewed like the eagle’s.”

The first two of these processes come to man without any effort on his part; and, generally speaking, with little, or no knowledge that he is receiving these “benefits “ St. Paul says of us, who presently believe, “God commendeth His love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.” (Rom. 5:8) Thus, “He made Himself an offering for sin” for us before we knew anything about it being done. And, “Christ gave Himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due tine.” In “due time” all men will rec­ognize what we now know – that a propitiation for sins was provided by the Redeemer with­out men asking for it – Christ “forgiveth all thine iniquities.”

And the same may be said for the second restitution process, “healing all thy dis­eases.” In the resurrection day it is self–evident that the disease which brought man to the grave must be cured before his resurrection; otherwise, he would immediately die again. The natural and artificial causes that have caused death for centuries must be eliminated in all men before they are returned from the grave. This also will be accom­plished without men asking for it. If a man has died by having his head shot off, he will certainly have it back when he returns from the grave.

The third and fourth processes will operate somewhat differently. The third: “Who redeemeth thy life from destruction,” will require cooperation on the part of the recip­ient. “God will have all men to be saved, and come to an accurate knowledge of the Truth.” (1 Tim. 2:4–6, Dia.) But this “knowledge of the Truth” will not be forced down the throats of the unwilling; they must all show some desire, and willingly cooperate, in the educational process. That educational process will not only teach men the religious truth on the facts of life and death, it will also teach them the physical, mental, moral and religious philosophies of life which will enable them to live forever in perpetual youth. “I will ransom them from the power of the grave (that power which now turns man to destruction, to the grave, will be stayed); I will redeem them from death: 0 grave I will be thy plagues (by depriving it of its present power over all); 0 grave, I will be thy destruction.” (Hos. 13:14) Then will come to pass the prophecy of Job 33:24, 25: “Deliver him from going down to the pit: I have found a ransom. His flesh shall be fresher than a child’s: he shall return to the days of his youth.”

The fourth process will also require man’s cooperation, and will receive it with a clear understanding of its import: “Who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies.” This is emphasized in the parable of the Sheep and the Goats: “Then shall the King say to them on His right hand, Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the king­dom prepared for you.” (Matt. 25:34) Today, in earth’s affairs, when a prince inherits a kingdom from his father, he is seated on the throne, and a crown placed upon his head. Figuratively speaking, this same procedure will be followed when the restitution process has completed its work. Each one of the ‘sheep’ will then inherit a kingdom – his full right to life and its accompanying life rights – just as Adam had it in Eden, when he was given dominion over all things on earth. He was then in every sense “monarch of all he surveyed, lord of the fowl and the brute.”

However, this cannot become true in the full sense of things until the causes that now send men to the grave have been eliminated. St. John states this very graphically in Rev. 21:3–5: “I heard a great voice out of Heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men... And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.” And the Angel who gave those words to John evidently realized the disbelief with which the message would be received by the present sick and dying race, for he then emphasized it with these words: “Write: for these words are true.” This forces the logical conclusion that the Restitution processes will eliminate all crime – all thievery, physical violence, moral depravity, sickness; no more need for locks on doors; no more destructive armies; no more rigid police protection. “And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” (Isa. 2:4)

THEN COMETH THE END

Confirmation of the foregoing is graphically stated by St. Paul in 1 Cor. 15:20–26, which we quote from the Improved Version: “But now is Christ risen from the dead, and be­come a firstfruit (Jesus) of them that slept. For since by man (Adam) came death, by (a) man also (Jesus) shall come the resurrection of the dead. For as all in Adam die (this would exclude Jesus, for He was never ‘in Adam’), even so all in Christ shall be made alive. But every man in his own order; Christ a firstfruit (meaning the entire Christ Company, and not merely Jesus only); afterward they that are Christ’s at His presence.

“Then cometh the end (the end of the Little Season, when He shall have ruled over the earth to the full elimination of death and the dying processes), when He shall have delivered up the Kingdom to God, even the Father; when He shall have put down all rule and all authority and all power (complete elimination of Satan and his evil acts). For He must reign, till He hath put all enemies under His feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.”

The “last enemy – death” is not only evil persons, but their evil characteristics, which include Adamic defilements, the dying process – all the mental, moral physical and religious ills now prevalent in the human race – is the last great enemy, which will finally be destroyed at the end of the Little Season.

The foregoing is vividly illustrated in Ex. 15:26–31 – a picture which is probably the grandest type of the entire Old Testament: “And the Lord said unto Moses (type of Christ), Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians (Pharaoh and his hosts being typical of Satan and his henchmen) ... and the sea returned to his strength ... and the Lord overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea ... All the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one.” Then the conclusion of St. Paul in Heb. 2:14 will be realized: “Jesus (through His sacrificial death) would destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil.” And the destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea typically sets forth how and when that will be done. At that same time the ‘goats’ of the parable in Matt. 25:41 will come to their complete annihilation from earth’s activities, leaving the ‘sheep’ the unmolested and perfected rulers of all they survey – free from all the evils that Satan’s deceptions have inflicted upon the human race during the past 6,000 years. Some one said when hear­ing this “good news” of the Kingdom, “It is too good to be true!” And an old wo­man exclaimed, “It is too good NOT to be true!”

SOME CONTRARY VIEWS

“God will have all men to be saved.” (1 Tim. 2:4) Like all other fundamental teach­ings of the Bible, this text has been given the extremes of erroneous interpretation. Some contend that if God will have all men to be saved that is a guarantee of eternal life for every human being that has ever lived. Universalism goes even further, and in­sists that even the Devil and his angels will also eventually be saved – despite the clear statement of St. Paul quoted above. Others contend the text to mean that God would like to have all men saved, but He just can’t seem to accomplish it. These perversions are based upon a misunderstanding of the salvation process.

God will have all men to be saved. But saved from what, to what? St. Paul offers the proper help here in Rom. 5:12: “By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; so death passed upon all men.” All of Adam’s progeny inherited the death sentence from him – through no fault of their own; and it is relief from that sentence from which God wishes all men to be saved. Often in human affairs we hear of a condemned man be­ing ‘saved from execution’ by official decree; but that does not mean that he shall continue to live forever. It simply means that he is saved from the sentence passed upon him by judicial process.

Much the same explanation may be given for the entire human race being saved; they will be saved from the sentence now hanging over them, and thenceforth will be given the privilege of regaining perfect life – as Adam had it – If they wish to take advantage of it. If they do, they will be classified as the ‘sheep’ of the parable; if they do not, they will be classified as the ‘goats’ of the parable, and will be sentenced to death once more – that time for their own transgressions, and not for something they have in­herited. This is well stated in Jer. 31:29,30: “In those days they shall no more say, The fathers have eaten a sour grape (sins of the fathers visited upon the children unto the third and fourth generation), and the children’s teeth are set on edge. But every man shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.”

Some years back we exchanged quite some correspondence with a preacher in Jamaica, who insisted that St. Paul’s words mean that every man will eventually receive eternal life – although there is just nothing in the text to warrant such a conclusion. Man will be relieved from the present load upon his back, and given the opportunity, under favorable conditions, to free himself from its effects if he will take advantage of the opportunity. Nothing more than that; nothing less. During our exchange of  letters the brother cited Matt. 25:46, and argued that “everlasting punishment” simply means age–lasting; that man will continue to receive one opportunity after another – for a full Age – until he eventu­ally avails himself of eternal life. But the same adjectives are used for the righteous as are used for the unrighteous – which forces the logical conclusion that the life re­ceived by the sheep will also be limited to the Age. It is well to note here the foot­note for verse 46 in the Emphatic Diaglott:

“The Common Version, and many modern ones, render ‘kolasin aionion’ everlasting punishment, conveying the idea, as generally interpreted, of ‘basinos,’ torment. Kolas­in is derived from ‘kolazoo,’ which signifies ‘to cut off’; as lopping off branches of trees, to prune... Thus, the righteous go to life, the wicked to the cutting off from life, or death.”

If we cut the limb from a tree, we know that limb no longer will continue to live; it withers and disintegrates – in much the same manner that Adam withered for 930 years, then disintegrated in the grave. “Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” (Gen. 3:19)

A SUMMATION

At the birth of Jesus the angel declared, “I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.” In 1 John 2:2 this is elaborated. “He is the propitiation for our sins (those who accept Him in this present Age): and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.” “He forgiveth all thine iniquities.” As we look back with joy at the Saviour’s birth and subsequent atonement for “all men,” so the ancients looked forward to it. “Abraham rejoiced to see My day: and he saw it and was glad.” (John 8:56) The 72nd Psalm gives considerable detail on the subject, too: “God shall come down like rain upon the mown grass (times of refreshing): as showers that water the earth. In His days shall the righteous flourish (the ‘sheep’ of the par­able); and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth. He shall have dominion also (that which was lost) from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. The kings of Tarshish shall bring presents – the kings of Sheba shall offer gifts (“every knee should bow, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord”—Phil. 2:10,11): all nations shall serve Him ... to Him shall be given the gold of Sheba... daily shall He be praised ... they of the city shall flourish like grass of the earth... All nations shall call Him blessed ... Let the whole earth be filled with His glory.”

Biblical names are often significant of the character and accomplishments of the persons to whom they are given. Thus, Jesus is the Latin word for Joshua, or Jeshua, which means ‘Jehovah is salvation,’ the same being very expressive of the work He would do. Thus, He not only delivers, saves, believers in this Age, but in the next Age He will deliver the world in general from the sentence now resting upon men. This He will accomplish by His Priestly, Mediatorial, Kingly, Legislative, Judicial, Prophetic and Pa­ternal offices by His good Word and works. He is indeed mighty to save!

Then will be realized the words of Psa. 22:26–31: “The meek shall eat and be satis­fied (none to hurt or make them afraid): They shall praise the Lord that seek Him. All nations shall worship before thee. For the Kingdom (Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth) is the Lord’s and He is the Governor among the nations ... A seed shall serve Him ... They shall come, and shall declare His righteousness unto a people that shall be born.”

Sincerely your Brother, John J. Pilgrim, Pilgrim

Reprint of No. 315, September 1981

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Sr. Hoefle: Greetings in the name of our Heavenly Father, and Lord Jesus Christ!

We have heard reports about a very nice book concerning our late Pastor Russell, and we are very much interested in obtaining six copies for our ecclesia. Please find a check for donation enclosed. If this is not sufficient, please let us know!

May the Lord continue to bless this effort to vindicate the character and doctrinal teachings of "That Wise and Faithful Servant"! Thank you very much. By the Lord's Grace, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sr. Hoefle: Greetings in His Name!

Thank you! It was indeed kind of you to send 2 copies to us of the new book, "About Pastor Russell." Brother Russell was indeed That Faithful Servant! May the Lord bless you in your efforts to serve Him. Christian love, ……. (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Dear Brethren: Greetings of love in the Name of our Precious Redeemer!

Many thanks for your article No. 366. Here you mention that you have a book "About Pastor Charles Russell." We wish to receive a copy if there is anymore avail­able. Also note the change of address.

From Brother ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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Dear Brethren:

I read No. 365 letter and I always get a blessing from these letters. I really enjoy the research put in the letters. The world is a small place, and I think it behooves all of us to be on the watch. I hold fast to the truth that that Faithful and Wise Servant taught us. I am 81 years old and have been studying the Truth for 50 years, and love the Lord's people wherever they are. I have enjoyed Brother Hoefle's letters for many years [seven years]. Will you please tell me how to get the book David Horowitz has written "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell." He is a Jew, and that is good! I am waiting for the Jewish people to get their eyes opened, but we have to wait on the Lord for that – and it will be in His own good time. I am thankful that Mr. Horowitz knows about Pastor Russell. I will be looking forward for the news in your good letters. Bidding you God's speed ‑ I love you all, ……. (OHIO)

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Dear Emily,

My stay in Mount Dora was most pleasant and as usual it was great to see Aunt Ethel and Duncan once again. It was delightful seeing you on several occasions and it was most thoughtful of you to take us out to dinner – a memorable part of my trip.

Many thanks for Pastor Russell's book by David Horowitz. It really would be a pleasure to meet Mr. Horowitz. The book is most fascinating and filled with information not known to me. Stay in good health and continue your fruitful work.

Sincerely, ------- (NEW YORK)

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Dear Sr. Hoefle,

Sister Clara Ogan showed me a book from you entitled "Pastor Charles Taze Russell, written by David Horowitz. She said you may still have some left to sell. If so, I would appreciate it if you would send me one. Please state the price of book and postage.

Sincerely, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle,

Last week I received an anonymous envelope mailed from the Israel Consulate in New York, addressed to me here, with a copy of a book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," by David Horowitz. ... I have just finished reading this very unusual book. I must admit that it contains much that was new to me – in a sense a revelation!

When I prepared the first draft for my book – FAITH AND FULFILMENT – I included a very brief mention of Pastor Russell – much too brief, I know today, to do him Justice. But even those few lines were then taken out by the editor. Now thanks to you and this book, I have a totally different picture of Pastor Russell's activities, and I strongly feel that it should have a place – a prominent place! – in my book. This should be rectified as soon as possible.

May I hope that, meanwhile, you have seen my book? I am keenly waiting to hear your 'verdict.' [The verdict is that FAITH AND FULFILMENT is a remarkable book – a historical book of great value. It would be an asset to anyone's library.]

With every good wish and sincere personal regards. ---------(ISRAEL)

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Dear Sister: Christian greetings!

Thank you for the book on Pastor Russell! Forgive me for not writing sooner, but I have been in the hospital for two spinal operations. I am getting around now with the aid of a cane. I do appreciate the book!

Enclosed is a check that you may use as you see fit. Hoping this note finds you in good health.

With Christian love, ------- (NEW YORK)

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Dear Mr. Horowitz,

I loved your new book on Pastor Russell. Thanks so much for writing about this wonderful man, who had a happy message for all mankind. I hope some day you'll write another book on Pastor Russell. Also, I like to see the articles about him in the United Israel Bulletin. No other single individual in modern history has done more than Pastor Russell to further the cause of Truth. Have you ever seen THE DIVINE PLAN OF THE AGES? What a masterpiece! This year 1986 is the 100th anniversary of its publication, and also the 70th anniversary of Pastor Russell's death. Again, congratulations on your book – and keep up the good work! I presented a gift copy of your book to the University of Colorado. It is now on the shelf at the Williams Village Library (residence hall on campus).

"Thank you" is such a simple phrase, but I hope you know there's a world of meaning and appreciation in it.

------------(CALIFORNIA)

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NO. 371: THE 70 YEAR'S DESOLATION OF THE LAND

by Epiphany Bible Students


No. 371

On page 45 of the May-June 1980 Present Truth, there is an article with the above caption; and we have been asked to publish our comments on it, which we now do.

It is written in 2 Chron. 36:21, “To fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths, for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfill threescore and ten years.” This text relates to the seventy years of captivity of the Jews in Babylon, which had its inception in the Fall of 607 B. C., and continued to 536 BC, when Cyrus the Great issued his proclamation that the Jews be permitted to return to Palestine; but still to be subject to him. The Jews were to have 2520 years of servility under the Gentiles; and this was to con­tinue until 1914 AD – when the Gentile governments began to be evicted from their do­minion of earthly affairs. And that eviction has been progressing with increased vigor until the present; and will increase in intensity in the years immediately ahead.

But the statement in 2 Chron. 36:21 is not to be found anywhere else in the Bible; and it has reference to the fifty-year Jubilee cycles as given in Lev. 25:8-17. The PT article mentioned above is substantially a reprint of the one to be found in the Jan.­-Feb. 1962 PT, in which it is stated that both Messengers did not consider those seventy years in Babylon as a portrayal of seventy literal years here in the end of the Age. Their conclusions may be right – or they may not be so; but in this we should make gen­erous allowance that neither the two Messengers – nor any one else, so far as we know ­ever visualized the great length of time that the Time of Trouble is consuming. It is very clear now that this Trouble will not be nearly completed at the end of the seventy years. It will continue for some years further – although at present we have no date to suggest for its ultimate completion. This “present evil world” is passing away, but we shall first see Armageddon – world-wide revolution – and Anarchy before present gov­ernments totally expire – “as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers.” (Rev. 2:27)

It should be stressed here that the religious systems of Christendom are to go down first, to be followed by these governments in their present form. And, while there will be some forms of Gentile government after Armageddon, we have the “sure word of prophecy” (2 Pet. 1:19) that the present religious systems will never rise again. “A mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, say­ing, thus with violence (the approaching violence is most apparent on every hand) shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.” (Rev. 18:21) “The sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee... And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.” (Rev. 18:22-24) Further on, we shall elaborate upon this feature; but history abundantly testifies to the brutal atrocities that were perpetrated upon faithful Christians all during the Age, but particularly so during the Dark Ages. “The blood of all the proph­ets ... may be required of this generation. From the blood of Abel to the blood of Zacharias ... shall be required of this generation.” (Luke 11:50,51)

The Anarchy will culminate with the termination of Jacob’s Trouble (a very severe trial that will come upon the Jews in Palestine—Zech. 14:1-3). That will end the Time of Trouble, after which the “New covenant” (Jer. 31:31-33), and Christ’s Kingdom will be established to “bless all the families of the earth.” (Gen. 12:3)

Some may raise the objection that the Jews are still suffering – even after the Times of the Gentiles have ended. And we have no argument with this. However, their present afflictions are simply those that are “common to man” throughout the whole world in this great Time of Trouble. Their present difficulties are not any special punish­ment upon them because “they crucified the Lord of Glory”; and their present troubles should be viewed from that standpoint. This great Time of Trouble is upon the whole world, including the Jews – whether in Palestine or in the various nations. “When ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place... (Dan. 12:1,2). Then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.” (Matt. 24:15,21) And we are most grateful for the last clause: “No, nor ever shall be.”

Both Messengers taught that the Time of Trouble and the Epiphany are identical; thus, so long as the Time of Trouble is here, self-evidently the Epiphany must also be with us. If Armageddon – world-wide revolution – should begin in 1984, then we would have reason to believe that the seventy years are literal (of which more later). If it does not come in 1984, then we will be forced to the conclusion that we must look to a still further date in the future for the destruction of present systems. However, we do know the “times and seasons” (1 Thes. 5:1,2), even though we may not know beforehand the exact date for the completion of Christendom’s desolation. Spiritually, Christendom was made “desolate” in 1878, when God spewed the various sects out of His mouth (Rev. 3:16); that is, He rejected them then as His mouthpiece to the world; and appointed That Ser­vant to be a “prophet unto the nations” (Jer. 1:5), as well as the steward of His House­hold (Luke 12:42-47) – “ruler over all His goods.” (Matt. 24:45,47)

But Babylon became much more spiritually “desolate” when all the saints were re­moved from their midst by Passover 1916. Today all of the faithful Truth brethren can see Babylon’s corruption; and this is also apparent to many of the more enlightened children of this world.

When some of the vital expectations of That Servant failed in 1914-18, quite a few of the measurably faithful forsook the Truth and its Spirit. We believe these mistakes were permitted for a “trial of your faith” (1 Pet. 1:7); and it adds striking force to the words of Jesus, “He that endureth to the end shall be saved.” (Matt. 10:22) The Mes­sengers understood very clearly the “times and seasons,” and gave us Scriptural proof what events to expect during this Time of Trouble. And we now behold very vividly the occurrence of those events – even though the time is much longer than had been anticipated. The evidence is clear enough that we are living in “the Day of Vengeance of our God” (Isa. 61:2), a “Day of Wrath” (Isa. 63:1-4; Psa. 110:5).

THE EPIPHANY

The Epiphany as a period of time (2 Tim. 4:1) – the last special period of the Gos­pel Age is with us; and is certainly making “manifest” – epiphanizing – persons, prin­ciples and things, through the press, radio and TV. The following is a quote from Parousia Vol. 2, pp. 140, 141:

“There will be a time of retribution upon all who by fraud or force, sometimes in the name of law and under its sanction, have unjustly grasped the rights or property of others..... Ultimately every eye shall discern the change and recognize that the Lord reigneth... But not until the great day of trouble is about closing, nor until the Gentile kingdoms are ground to powder and utterly removed, no place being found for them after 1914 .... not until Babylon is utterly overthrown and her influence over the world broken, will the great mass of mankind come to realize the true state of the case...... The battle of the great day of God Almighty (Rev. 16:14); that in proportion as they have aided error and wrong, they have been battling against the Law and forces of the new Empire and Ruler of earth; that in proportion as their tongues, pens, hands, in­fluence and means, were used to support the right and the truth on any subject, they have been to that extent fighting on the Lord’s side.

“But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief.” (1 Thes. 5:4) So all the Lord’s faithful people do know the “times and seasons.” The Lord’s faithful Mouth­pieces did correctly know the “times and seasons” and so taught us, even though they did not know the length of time it would require completely to destroy this “present evil world.” Nor do we yet know that time, although we do know we are much closer to this destruction than we were in 1914 or 1954.  However, we consider it very probable that we shall find the correct date once things have progressed some further ­maybe after Armageddon.

As we read in Parousia Vol. 2, p. 99: “In view of this strong Bible evidence con­cerning the Times of the Gentiles, we consider it an established truth that the over­throw of the kingdoms of this world begins in 1914, preparatory to the establishment of the Kingdom of God.” (written in 1889)

On p. 47 of the May-June 1980 PT it is stated, “We will be glad if the Time of Trouble ends in 1984.” We know of no one in Present Truth who expects the Time of Trouble to end in 1984, although we, too, would be glad if it does end then. We shall offer more on the desolation of Christendom later in this article. We know that God is an exact time keeper; and His Word tells us, “The vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry.” (Hab. 2:3) “When the fullness of time was come (on the exact date prophesied), God sent forth his son” (Gal. 4:4); and His ministry began just at the right time! Also, the Times of the Gentiles ended in 1914 – exactly on time.

CHRISTENDOM – BABYLON

Some may consider that Christendom and Babylon are synonymous, which is not fully true, although Babylon is inseparably linked with Christendom – an integral part of it; in fact, it is Babylon that has attached the name Christendom to many of earth’s govern­ments. We do not refer to China, India, Japan, etc., as Christendom; they are heathen­dom. Most of our readers know that Babylon is to be destroyed first; and, while the present governments will collapse, others will succeed them – in various forms, accord­ing to the stature of the people of each country. However, when that time comes, it will no longer be proper to refer to our government and others of like construction as Christendom; they will then simply be classed with the heathen nations – all except Israel. “Behold, the day of the Lord cometh, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee. For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; ... and the residue of the people shall not be cut off... And the Lord shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one Lord, and his name one.” (Zech. 13:2, 9)

Once the foregoing is properly understood, we can then have a clearer understanding of “the desolation of Christendom.” Certainly none of our informed readers will deny that the desolation of Christendom began in 1914. And in the Fall of 1917 – when Ke­rensky toppled over the Czarist regime of Russia – a most decided blow of desolation oc­curred there. The Czar of Russia had been the titular head of the Greek Catholic Church for many centuries; but that Church has been without a head since 1917, which is potent suggestion that at least partial desolation has come to that section of Christendom.

It is now a matter of history that when the Bolsheviks (Communists – Atheists) came to power, they took the dead bodies of saints that had “never decayed,” out on the front steps of the various churches, picked them apart before the eyes of the populace, and proved that those bodies were nothing more than stuffed cotton. There the Scripture was very clear: “The day of vengeance is in mine heart.” (Isa. 63:4)

Similar action occurred in other countries. When the Communists seized power in Cuba, the Roman Catholic Church received great “desolation.” The same may be said for Nicaragua. And in Brazil – the largest Roman Catholic membership in the world – it is reported that seventy or eighty million Roman Catholics have left that Church and have affiliated themselves with the demonized cults of Eastern Asia.

JEZEBEL IN THE BEAUTY PARLOR

However, the Roman Church still makes great display of power in a desperate effort to avoid annihilation. This is graphically typified in 2 Kgs. 9:30: “When Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face (a beauty-parlor effort), and tired her head, and looked out at a window.” One commentator describes it this way: “She painted her eyebrows and eyelids with kohl, a compound of antimony used by women in the East then and now to add to the beauty of their eyes.  Jezebel’s intention is, like Cleopatra’s, to ‘die a queen.’” The antitype of this is going on now by the present Pope as he visits various countries, pleading the cause of “the poor” – the rich should give them of their wealth, but let the Church retain its five billion dollars of wealth.

In 2 Pet. 3:7-10 there is some detail on the desolation of Christendom; and vs. 10 says, “the heavens (present Christian religious systems) shall pass away with a great noise.” Even the poorest intellects of these countries realize that we are experienc­ing a “great noise.” Note the Berean Comment on this text: “A great hissing noise; uproar and confusion.”

BABYLON THE GREAT

The meaning of Babylon is “confusion”; and this confusion is apparent on all hands. The various sects of Christendom all contradict each other on one or more fundamental doctrines; and this produced great uncertainty in the minds of thinking men, some of them even going so far as to reject the Bible as a source of Truth – although the Bible is not responsible for the erratic conclusions that have been reached by many. The Bible is a fiddle to many people; they play any tune with it that appeals to them. This is graphically typified in Jer. 51:7: “Babylon hath been a golden cup in the Lord’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine (false doctrines); therefore, the nations are mad.” The nations are so “mad” in their drunkenness that they have been exerting all their energies since 1914 to tear each other apart; and this effort will eventually result in the collapse of all of them.

The Jeremiah text is very closely quoted in Rev. 17:4: “The woman (Babylon) hath a golden cup in her hand full of abominations.” The Jewish nation, with the religion given to them by the Lord through Moses at Sinai, was typical of Christendom. They had been blessed with “the oracles of God” (Rom. 3:2); but they had so shamefully rejected those “oracles” by the time that Jesus arrived that He said of them: “Woe unto you, hypocrites... have omitted the weightier matters of the Law, judgment, mercy and faith... appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones.” (Matt. 23:23-27)

And Jesus said the same situation will prevail in Christendom when He comes the second time. And the same punishments will come upon “this generation” that came upon the Jews, when the Romans under Emperor Titus destroyed the magnificent temple and dis­persed the Jews throughout the world in the year 70 A. D.; and they have since been de­scribed as “the wandering Jew,” forced from nation to nation, despised, robbed, merci­lessly persecuted by their “Christian” rulers. When they yelled, “His blood be upon us, and upon our children” (Matt. 27:25), God took them at their word: and they have paid a horrible price for “crucifying the Lord of Glory.” But St. Paul tells us they are yet “beloved for the fathers’ sake.” (Rom. 11:28) Abraham was faithful to God, and it was “counted to him for righteousness” (Rom. 4:3); thus, we see them once more established in that land promised to Abraham, and his seed after him forever’

JEZEBEL

JEZEBEL of Old Testament record (1 Kgs. 16:31; 2 Kgs. 9:7-37), is described thus in the writings of one authority: “Daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians and former priest of Astarte (1 Kgs. 16:3l). She became the wife of Ahab, king of Israel. She was a woman of masculine temperament and swayed her husband at will. She was a devoted wor­shiper of Baal, and intolerant of other faiths.  To please her, Ahab reared a temple and an altar to Baal in Samaria, and set up an Asherah (ch. 18:4-13). Though legally only the king’s consort, and not the ruler of the country, yet she slew all the prophets of Jehovah on whom she could lay hands (ch. 18:4-13) When she planned the death of Elijah (ch. 19:1,2), and afterward effected the judicial murder of Naboth, who similarly ig­nored the king’s authority, though he condoned the deed (ch. 21:16-22).

“On account of these murders and other violations of the moral law, the divine sen­tence was pronounced against her that the dogs should eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel (ch. 21:23). The prophecy was literally fulfilled. When, eleven years after Ahab’s death, Jehu executed pitiless vengeance on the royal household, Jezebel painted her face, attired her head, and, looking out at a window, called to him as he approached, ‘Is it peace, thou Zimri, thy master’s murderer?’ Jehu looked up at the window and said, ‘Who is on my side? Who?’ Two or three eunuchs looked out.  ‘Throw her down,’ he cried, and they unhesitatingly obeyed. She fell in front of his chariot, which he intention­ally drove over her, and her blood bespattered the horses and the wall. About an hour later, recalling that the dead woman was a king’s daughter, he gave directions to bury her; but it was found that dogs, the scavengers of Oriental cities, had anticipated him, and had left her nothing but the skull, and the feet, and the palms of the hands (2 Kgs. 9:7, 30-37).”

The only text that Jezebel is mentioned in the New Testament is Rev. 2:20: “I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth her­self a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants.” This Scripture is part of the remarks concerning the “Church in Thyatira.” Thyatira means, “the sweet perfume of a sacrifice”; and is most appropriate because that area of the Church did experience ex­treme persecution as she sacrificed upon the Altar of the Lord.

Thyatira existed some eight centuries after the death of Jesus, so the reference here to Jezebel cannot possibly be addressed to the woman, because she had been dead for more than 1500 years.  Therefore, Jezebel must have been a type of the apostate Church to whom the text is addressed. In these Revelation statements it is well to keep in mind that they apply partly to the Apostate Church and partly to the true Church.

Every antitype is greater than its type; so we may expect the story of the typical Jezebel to be enacted on a much larger scale than the record says of her. In 2 Kgs. 9:35 there is this: “They went to bury her (Jezebel – See 2 Kgs. 9:30-33): but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.” When told about this Jehu remarked: “This is the word of the Lord, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel.”

Jezebel’s death types the destruction of the apostate Church – only the memory of her teachings (skull, intellect); her practices – (evil deeds) – palms of her hands; and her conduct, the memory of her treatment of true Christians throughout this Age; her feet remaining after the revolution­ary dogs (rabid sectarians, partisans – “beware of dogs” – Phil. 3:2, quarrelsome partisans: “they are all dumb dogs” (Isa. 56:10) – will have overthrown her.

THE COMING DESOLATION

In the foregoing we recited some of the difficulties that have come upon some sections of the apostate Church, but they are mild indeed to what awaits her in the very near future, when she will be so completely “desolated” that her only remains will be her erroneous and deceptive teachings, her evil deeds, and her treatment of the Lord’s true people.

Here we would emphasize that we are not offering any set date for these events, although we are thoroughly convinced that all of the events stated herein will see their ful­fillment in the near future. If that should occur by 1984, then we can state with cer­tainty that the Seventy Years of Desolation of the Land (606-536 BC) is a parallel to the seventy years of desolation of Christendom here in the end of the Age. If Babylon is annihilated in that time, then there will no longer be any Christendom as we under­stand that expression now. So we shall wait and see! To offset somewhat this gloomy prediction, we would quote Mal. 3:17 for the encouragement of our readers: “They shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them as a man spareth his only son that serveth him.” This is a sure promise to all those who truly reverence God.  The closing scenes of this Gospel Age will be the most remarkable of the world’s history. While we do not attempt to predict any exact dates, we are persuaded that the most serious part of the trouble will occupy a very short tine. “I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you.” (Hab. 1:5)

More can be accomplished in one month now than could have been done in years some time ago. “A short work will the Lord make upon the earth.” (Rom. 9:28) We have full confidence in the Bible Chronology as given in Parousia Volume 2; and the “signs of the times” abundantly confirm our expectations for the consummation of this Age and the in­auguration of the Kingdom; and all the hopes of those who have prayed “Thy Kingdom Come” in sincerity, will be more than they have wished for.

“O bless our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise to be heard: Which holdeth our soul in life, and suffereth not our feet to be moved.” (Psa. 66:8,9)

Reprint of February, 1981, No. 308

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Sister Hoefle: Christian love in Jesus, our Redeemer and Master!

Our son saw the book "Pastor Charles Taze Russell," by David Horowitz, and is very interested in a copy. Could you please mail him a copy as you mentioned in your leaflet? God Bless you for your labors of love, ------- (ILLINOIS)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings of love in our blessed Redeemer's Name!

I am writing to thank you for the two books on the life of our beloved Pastor Charles Taze Russell, written by David Horowitz. …… I do appreciate it. It makes me happy to know that our Pastor's work is not forgotten. Also, to be made aware of the existence of such precious individuals as you are. I will pass one of them on to other brethren......

Last month it was my privilege to serve the brethren in Orlando, and the topic was on the word REJOICE, taken from Psalm 149:2: "Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be Joyful in their King."............

I have often wondered why Pastor Russell was not given greater credit by history for his part in the development of the ZION movement (i.e. promoting the return of the Jew to the Holy Land). Of course we all know the Praise and the Glory of it belongs to the LORD. But the book does give him recognition for his efforts. Also, I re­joice with you in the recognition of Brother John J. Hoefle as a loyal and dedicated devotee of Pastor Russell and a valiant champion of his prophetic pronouncements.…. Dear Sister, I am happy for you to have such beautiful memories. And such a great hope that lies before. Thank you again for the books.

"The LORD bless thee, and keep thee: The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee: The LORD lift up his countenance, and give thee peace." (Num. 6:24‑26)

By His Grace, Your brother in Christ, ------- (FLORIDA)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

At our study today a member brought a book by David Horowitz, who is of Jewish descent, on Pastor Charles Russell. I am a Bible Student and believe in Pastor Russell's teaching. If it is possible to get one of these books, I would like to have one. Let me know the cost. Thank you! ------- (MINNEAPOLIS)

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Dear Brethren: Grace and peace through our Beloved Master!

Greetings in our Beloved Savior's Name and in the knowledge of the faith once delivered unto the saints, which will soon be manifested unto all men.

It has come to my knowledge that you have access to a recent publication by David Horowitz regarding Brother Russell and his relationship to the JW's. I am not sure of the title. As you can imagine, I was very excited to hear of this publica­tion and am very anxious to get some copies. I would be most appreciative to get any information you could provide on how I might acquire this book. Thank you for your assistance.

Your brother in Christ, ------- (MINN W OLIS)

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Dear Sir:

Can you please send me about five copies of Pastor Russell, Early Chris­tian Zionist, by David Horowitz? Thank you! ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings!

Received your package of eight volumes of "C. T. Russell." Thank you! Also re­ceived six copies from Ms. Runes. We expect to send some copies to France and to brethren in their country. I believe it will be helpful for our brethren to get Brother Russell's true teaching on the subject of Zionism.

Enclosed is a donation to help you in the work. I pray the Lord's blessing upon you and your activities.

Your brother in Christ, ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in His precious Name!

It was brought to my attention recently, through your paper #366 that David Horowitz has written the book "About Pastor Charles Russell."

We have studied his 6 volumes and have made the Truth our own. Perhaps now some of the lies the JW's are preaching will be corrected.

Yes, please send us a copy of the book. Thank you for the warm Christian love you portray on behalf of the brethren. Yours in His Service, ------- (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Dear Friends in Christ:

Thank you for your kind offer to forward a copy of the book "About Pastor Charles Russell." Our Bible class is very much interested in obtaining it. We will be very happy to reimburse you for your cost and postage. Please tell us what it will be and we will send it to you immediately.

May God bless and keep you. Your fellow servants, Delaware Valley Bible Students (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Dear Sister Emily: Loving greetings in our risen Savior!

Have heard you may still have a supply of the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," by David Horowitz. If so, I am very interested in securing it. I will be most happy to reimburse you for the book, plus other expenses involved.

God bless you for your efforts in His service.

Christian love in Him, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister in Christ:

I would love to have the book "About Pastor Russell," by David Horowitz.

I meet with the Bay City Bible Students, and saw a copy of the book at Sister Ogan's.

Thank you! ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in our Redeemer's Name!

Thank you for the copy of the book, "PASTOR CHARLES TAZE RUSSELL," by David Horowitz, which you sent me. I appreciate it very much, and will enjoy reading it.

In the blessed hope, Dawn Bible Students Association ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Brethren: Shalom!

I am a Christian involved in combating the insidious disease of anti‑Semitism and the new code word for those who choose to hate which is "anti‑Zionism." David Horowitz's book on the life of Pastor Charles Taze Russell was a great personal encour­agement to me. Here was a man who was not really ahead of his time but in step with God's time concerning the need for the Jewish people to have their homeland where they could definitely say, "never again." I'm convinced it was pioneers like Pastor Rus­sell whom God used to plant the seeds for the 1948 rebirth of the Third Jewish Common­wealth. It's also the courage of men like Dr. Russell who inspired others to follow in their steps when the temptation would be to substitute expedience for conviction. I am a better and more effective Christian warrior on behalf of the survival and safety of Israel because of David Horowitz's timely account.

Faithfully, -----– Shalom Ministries (MASSACHUSETTS)

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Dear Ones: Greetings in our Savior's Name!

We've taken note of the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," and wondered if we, too, could have a copy? If no books are left, please let us know the name of the publisher. Thank you! ..….. (DELAWARE)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Warm greetings in the Name of Christ our Passover Lamb!

Thank you for the Epiphany issues regarding Brother Hoefle's ministry. I know it would have been a blessing to meet him in person and discuss the precious Truth.

The United Israel Bulletin is very interesting. I have discussed it and the book on Pastor Russell with a number of the brethren. We find it rather amazing that this information regarding Brother Russell and how the JW's have departed from their his­toric heritage should come from a Jewish source rather than from a Bible Student group.

Would appreciate several more books, if possible, and am enclosing a small contri­bution for postage and mailing. In the hope of the Kingdom, ------- (FLORIDA)

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Dear Brethren:

Please send us a copy of your book, "Pastor Charles Taze Russell, An Early Ameri­can Christian Zionist." We've heard so much about it!

Thank you very much, Brother ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Brethren:

I wish herewith to express my great thanks for the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," which I received yesterday. I enclose a check covering some of the mail costs.

Your truly brother in Christ, ------- (SWEDEN)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

Your good letter of February 12th and THE DIVINE PLAN OF THE AGES have arrived, and I greatly appreciated hearing from you and receiving this fine book. I am not certain who has received other books that your Association may have sent to Dr. Potts during the interim since he died in 1973. However, I shall be glad to re­ceive any other books in the future.

One word further about Dr. Potts: he had been editor of THE UPPER ROOM for 18 years prior to coming to Lake Junaluska. He indeed was a wonderful person and a true scholar. I have deeply missed him during these years since his death, and I am still hopeful that one day soon I shall have the opportunity to visit Mrs. Potts, as I indi­cated in my letter of February 10th that we still keep in touch by telephone and letters. Again I thank you for your interest.

Sincerely, ------- (NORTH CAROLINA)

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Dear Brethren:

Please send me the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell." Please inform the price, etc. I receive your publications.

Sister ------- (MICHIGAN)

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NO. 370: LIFE OF ST. MATTHEW

by Epiphany Bible Students


No. 370

Levi the son of Alphaeus was a tax‑gatherer at Capernaum. (Alphaeus being also the name of the father of James the Apostle, it has been conjectured that James and Matthew were brothers. This is of course possible, but can hardly be called probable.) One day Jesus, coming up from the Lake side, passed near the custom‑house where Levi was seated in Oriental fashion, “and He saith unto him, Follow me, and he arose and followed Him.” (Matt. 9:9) That Jesus ever addressed Levi before, we are not told; but it is reasonable to suppose that he was expecting the summons, that he was already a disciple of Jesus, and prepared as soon as Christ gave the word to leave all for His sake. At any rate, Levi must have heard of the Great Rabbi and of His preaching, and have already resolved to adopt the view of the Kingdom of God which Jesus taught.

When Levi became a follower of Jesus he changed his name from Levi to Matthew (This is indeed an inference, but one which is accepted by the best commentators to harmonize the “Levi” of the second and third Gospels with the “Matthew” of the first Gospel.), which means “the Gift of God,” and is the same as the Greek name Theodore. This practice was not unusual, and may be illustrated by the instances of Saul and of Simon, who also adopted new names in the new life.

The same day Matthew made a feast – perhaps a farewell feast to his old associates – to which he invited Jesus and His disciples. We may conceive what a joyous banquet that was for Matthew, when for the first time as an eye‑witness he marked the words and acts of Jesus, and stored within his memory the scene and the conversation which he was inspired to write according to his clerical ability for the instruction of the Church in all after ages.

After this Matthew is not once named in the Gospel history, except in the list of the Twelve; in the other Gospels he appears seventh on the list, in his own Gospel eighth – the last in the second division. In his own Gospel again – a further mark of humility – he designates himself as “Matthew the publican.” His nearest companion seems to have been Thomas (whose surname Didymus has led to the belief that he was Matthew’s twin brother), and in the same group or division were Philip and Bartholomew. Such are the scanty details which the Gospels record of St. Matthew. Those few notices however suggest some inferences as to the religious position, character and teaching of the Evangelist.

Since Capernaum was in the tetarchy of Herod Antipas, it may be inferred that Levi was an officer in the service of that prince, and not in the service of the Roman government, as is sometimes tacitly assumed. This is not unimportant in estimating the call and conversion of St. Matthew.

A Hebrew who entirely acquiesced in the Roman supremacy could hardly have done so at this period without abandoning the national hopes. Jesus alone knew the secret of reconciling the highest aspirations of the Jewish race with submission to Caesar. But to acknowledge the Herodian dynasty was a different thing from bowing to Rome. Herod was at least not a foreigner and a Gentile in the same sense as the Romans. Idumea had coalesced with Israel. It is therefore conceivable that a Jew who was waiting for the Messiah’s reign may in very despair have learned to look for the fulfillment of his hopes in the Herodian family. If it was impossible to connect Messianic thoughts with an Antipas, or even with the more reputable Philip, still might not a prince thereafter spring from that house to restore the kingdom to Israel? Might not God in His providence fuse by some means the house and lineage of Herod with the house and lineage of David? It was not impossible, and probably the tyrannical Antipas owed the stability of his throne in some measure to a party among the Jews who cherished these ideas.

No one can read St. Matthew’s Gospel without perceiving that he was no Hellenist, but a Hebrew of the Hebrews, deeply learned in the history and prophecies of his race, and eagerly looking forward to their realization; but he had been content to find, or at least to expect that realization in the family of Herod. These views were suited to his nature in two ways. For we may infer first that he was influenced by what is almost an inherent passion in his race – the love of gain (had it not been so he would never have chosen a career which at its best was despised and odious); secondly, that he loved a life of contemplation and quiet, and was well pleased to separate himself from the fiery enthusiasm and headstrong schemes of the Galileans who surrounded him. Such may have been the hopes to which Levi clung. But when the plan and teaching of Jesus were unfolded to his mind stored with national memories, he instantly recognized the truth and beauty and completeness of that ideal, and gave himself up heart and soul to the cause of the Son of David. For that cause and for the Kingdom of God he resigned all his hopes of advancement in Herod’s kingdom, his lucrative calling and the friends he had made.

It may be that Matthew’s wealth was not in an absolute sense great, but it was great for this little Galilean town. It was great to him. And if like St. Paul he had left a record of his personal religious feelings, he might have related how he counted up all the several items of gain, and found the sum total loss compared with the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus. (Phil. 3:7,8)

If we may Judge from the silence of the Gospels, the position which Matthew held among his fellow‑disciples was a humble one. He was not among the chosen three. No incident connects itself with his name, as with the names of Andrew and Simon, of Philip, of Thomas, or of Bartholomew, of Judas [the brother] of James, of the sons of Zebedee. No one word of his to Christ is recorded. Even when he was called he rose and followed in silence.

We may picture Matthew to ourselves as a silent, unobtrusive, contemplative man, “swift to hear and slow to speak,” unobservant of the minutiae of outward action but with a mind teeming with the associations of his nation and deeply conscious of the momentous drama which was being enacted before him, of which he felt himself called upon to be the chronicler and interpreter to his own people.

No special mention is made of St. Matthew in the Acts of the Apostles, or in the Epistles, but some light is thrown upon his after life by fragmentary notices of early Christian writers.

We gather that he remained in Palestine longer than the rest of the Apostles, and that he made his fellow‑countrymen familiar with the words and works of Jesus. More will be said below as to the nature and special scope of his teaching; but an interesting point of Christian history, and one that bears upon St. Matthew’s character, recorded by Eusebius, may be mentioned here. St. Matthew, says the historian, being about to depart for distant lands to preach to others also, left as a memorial to his Palestinian converts the story of the New Covenant committed to writing in their own tongue, the Aramaic or Hebrew dialect which they used. This parting gift of the Evangelist was the origin of the written Gospels.

Later authorities have named Ethiopia, Parthia, Egypt and Macedonia, as fields of his missionary work. Clement of Alexandria states that Matthew devoted himself to a strictly ascetic life, abstaining from the use of animal food.

By the most ancient testimony the death of this apostle is attributed to natural causes. The traditions of the Greek Church and the pictures of the Greek artists represent him dying peacefully. But the Western Church has placed Matthew on the list of martyrs, and in the works of Italian painters he is portrayed perishing by the executioner’s sword. It is characteristic of this silent, unmarked life, in which the personality of the Evangelist is lost in the voice of the message which he was inspired to utter, that Matthew’s name has been less prominent in the Churches and nations of Christendom than others of his co‑apostles, or even than many saints, whose services to the Church of Christ have been infinitely less. None of the great Churches of Christendom have been called by his name, no guild or fraternity, no college in our great Universities, no state or nation, has chosen him for a patron. Scarcely one famous picture has taught the lesson of his call. The personal memory, like the personal life of St. Matthew, withdraws itself from the observation of men.

AUTHORSHIP, ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOSPEL

1. The authorship of the first gospel has been ascribed by an unbroken tradition to the Apostle Matthew.

2. The date is uncertain. Irenaeus however states that St. Matthew wrote his gospel when the Church of Rome was founded: and the fact that it was published first of the written Gospels rests upon early and uncontradicted testimony. The date of publication then should probably be fixed not many years after the Ascension.

3. St. Matthew’s Gospel was primarily intended for the use of the Jewish converts in Palestine. It is this fact that gives its special character to this Gospel. No other of the evangelists has so completely developed the idea that in Christ the nation lived again, that towards Christ all prophecy moved, that in Him all national aspirations were centered and satisfied. No other inspired writer has pictured so vividly the critical interest of the Messianic days as the meeting point of the world’s past and future.

According to St. Matthew Jesus is from first to last Christ the King, the King of whom all the prophets spoke in the past, but He is also the one figure round whom the historical interest of the future was destined to gather. Hence the twofold aspect of this Gospel, on the one hand it is the most national and the most retrospective of the Gospels; on the other it is the most universal and the most prophetic; in one sense St. Matthew is more gentile than St. Luke, in another he is truly a Hebrew of Hebrews.

The very depth of St. Matthew’s patriotism impels him to glory in the universality of the Messianic reign. The Kingdom of God must over‑pass the limits of the Chosen race. Hence it is no matter of surprise that the Hebrew historian should alone commemorate the coming of the Magi and the refuge in Egypt, and that he and not St. Luke should tell the story of the Canaanitish woman.

The following points confirm the received account of the origin of this Gospel and indicate its special reference to the Jews:

(1) The numerous quotations from prophecy.

(2) The appeals to history as fulfilled in Christ.

(3) The rare explanation of Jewish words and customs.

(4) The strong and special denunciation of the Jews and of their rulers.

(5) The special reference to the Law in the Sermon on the Mount

(6) The Genealogy traced from Abraham and David.

(7) The Mission of the Seventy omitted.

(8) The absence of Latin words, with very few exceptions.

(9) The prominence given to the Jewish thought of a Kingdom of Heaven; (a) in the general scope of the Gospel; (b) in the parables; (c) in the account of the Passion.

4. The question of style cannot be fully or satisfactorily discussed without a direct appeal to the original, but it may be observed that St. Matthew’s manner is less vivid and picturesque than St. Mark’s, more even and unvaried than St. Luke’s, whose diction is greatly influenced by the various sources whence he derived the details which he incorporates into his Gospel. Consequently no passages in St. Matthew’s Gospel recall the classical ring like the introduction of St. Luke’s Gospel; on the other hand the Hebrew idiom never so manifestly shows itself in the first Gospel as in the opening chapters of the third.

St. Matthew was an eyewitness of the events which he chronicles, yet it is often remarked that his descriptions are less graphic and full of detail than those of St. Mark, who wrote what he had heard from the lips of others. This need not be a matter of surprise. It is indeed a phenomenon that meets us every day. It is not the contemporary and the eyewitness, but the historian of a succeeding age who takes the keenest interest in minute detail and records with faithful accuracy the less prominent circumstances of a great event. It is the Herodotus or the Macaulay – the historian, the ‘questioner’ – who gathers from every source materials for a minute and brilliant picture, rather than the actual spectator who is often too deeply absorbed by the one point of supreme interest in a scene to notice the looks and acts of other bystanders, or so impressed by the speaker’s glowing thoughts, as to deem them alone worthy of record.

But though St. Mark enables us to realize more exactly the external accessories of the various incidents, St. Matthew has treasured up for the Church more fully than the other synoptists the words and discourses of Jesus; such especially as present Him in the character of the Great Prophet, who, like the prophets of old time, denounces national sins and predicts the future of the nation and the Church. Instances of this characteristic are the full report of the Sermons on the Mount (chs. 5, 6, 7), the charge to the Apostles ch. 10; the great series of prophetic parables in ch. 13 peculiar to this gospel; the denunciation of the Scribes and Pharisees in ch. 23, the parables of the Passion ch. 25, the prediction of the fall of Jerusalem, and of the Second Advent chs. 24 and 25.

5. The ablest critics are agreed that St. Matthew does not observe the chronological order of events. By the arrangement followed by this Evangelist, as may be seen by the accompanying analysis of the Gospel, special incidents and sayings are so grouped together as to illustrate the different aspects of our Lord’s life and teaching.

6. The most interesting literary question in connection with this Gospel concerns the language in which it was written. Is the Hellenistic Greek version which we possess, (1) the original Gospel, or (2) a translation from a Hebrew or Aramaic original; further, if a translation, by whom was the translation made, by (a) St. Matthew himself, or (b) by some others?

Apart from the antecedent probability of Hebrew Gospel – a version of the New Covenant to correspond with the Hebrew of the Old Covenant, and to meet the requirements of those Jews who gloried in their knowledge of the Hebrew tongue, and their adhesion to Hebrew customs, who would listen more gladly to the Gospel if it were preached to them in the language of their fathers – direct testimony to the existence of an Aramaic original of St. Matthew’s Gospel is borne by a succession of the earliest Christian writers.

(1) Papias in the beginning of the second century writes: “Matthew arranged the ‘oracles’ (or sayings of Christ) in the Hebrew language.”

(2) Irenaeus says “Matthew among the Hebrews brought out a writing of the Gospel in their own tongue.”

(3) Pantaenus, according to Eusebius (H.E. v.10), is said to have gone to preach to the Indians and to have found among them a copy of the Hebrew Gospel according to St. Matthew which had been left by the Apostle Bartholomew.

(4) In later times evidence for the belief in a Hebrew original is drawn from the writings of Origen, Eusebius, Jerome, and many others.

Against this testimony in favour of a Hebrew original, arguments tending to an opposite conclusion are grounded on (1) the disappearance of the Hebrew Gospel: (2) the authority which the existing version has always had in the Church: (3) the similarity of expression to certain portions of the other Gospels: (4) the apparent originality of style.

(1) That no copy of the Hebrew Gospel is extant need not excite surprise. With the destruction of Jerusalem the Hebrew speaking Christians would be for the most part scattered far and wide over the limits of the Roman Empire. Necessity would impel them to become familiar with the Greek tongue. Their Jewish compatriots in foreign countries would be acquainted with no other. Everywhere the credit of the Greek version of St. Matthew’s Gospel would be fully established; to that version the original Hebrew edition would soon give place. It seems probable too that copies of this Gospel were purposely altered and mutilated to serve the ends of heretical sects, and thus the genuine Hebrew text would become more and more difficult to obtain, and finally would be discredited and lost to the Church. The preface of St. Luke’s Gospel suggests the thought that many more or less complete “Gospels” once extant have disappeared. Moreover, most critics are agreed that the existing Epistles of St. Paul do not comprise the whole number which he wrote to the Churches.

The points raised in the second (2) and third (3) arguments are considered below.

(4) The question of originality cannot be decisively settled by an appeal to the style of the Greek Gospel. There are, however, certainly some characteristics in St. Matthew’s Gospel that seem to indicate a translation. The style is uniform, almost monotonous. Hebraisms are regularly and evenly distributed, not as in St. Luke, prominent in some parts and altogether absent in others. The actual Hebrew words are few. This is what we should expect in a translation, but not in an original Gospel addressed principally to Jewish converts. St. Matthew’s Gospel deals with quotations from the Old Testament in a two‑fold manner. When the narrative is closely parallel with the other Synoptic Gospels, the quotations are also parallel following generally the text of the LXX., but presenting the same variations from that text which appear in the other Synoptic Gospels. But in those portions of this Gospel which are independent of the others, the quotations approach more nearly to the Hebrew text. This phenomenon must be taken into account in drawing any conclusion as to the existence of the Aramaic original.

The following theory is advanced as a natural way of explaining the facts. It can hardly be doubted that St. Matthew in the first instance composed a Gospel for the use of the Palestinian Jews. But on the disruption of the Jewish polity Aramaic would cease to be intelligible to many, and the demand would come for a Greek version of the Gospel according to St. Matthew. How would this demand be met? Either Matthew himself, or else some faithful scribe, would use the Hebrew Gospel as the basis of a Greek version. Many of the familiar parables and sayings of Jesus, which were orally afloat in all the Churches, he would (for the sake of old association) incorporate with little alteration, but he would preserve throughout the plan of the original, and, in passages where the special teaching of this Gospel came in, the version would be a close rendering of the Aramaic. This theory explains the verbal coincidence of some parts of St. Matthew’s Gospel with the parallel Synoptic passages, and accounts for the facts in regard to the quotations stated above.

Such a version, especially if made by St. Matthew himself, would indeed be rather an original work than a translation, and would speedily in either case acquire the authority of the original Aramaic. Accordingly we find that even those writers who speak of the Hebrew Gospel themselves quote from the Greek version as authoritative.

EXTERNAL HISTORY DURING THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST

1. Summary

   BC3 – Octavianus Augustus had been sole ruler of the Roman Empire from BC30. Twice during that period the temple of Janus had been closed in sign of peace.

   BC1 – Death of Herod. Rising of the Jews against the Procurator Sabinus. Repression of the revolt by Varus: 2000 Jews crucified.

  AD6 – Resistance to the Census of Quirinus by Judas the Gaulonite and his Galilaean followers.

       7 Banishment of Archelaus.

 1‑12 Campaigns against the Germans, Pannonians, and Dalmatians, conducted by Tiberuis and Germanicus. The disastrous defeat of Varus in Germany. Final success and triumph of the Roman Generals.

     14 Death of Augustus and succession of Tiberius.

15‑17 Germanicus continues the war against the Germans, and triumphs.

      18 Death of Ovid and Livy.19

      19 Death of Germanicus. Jews banished from Italy.

 20‑31 Hateful tyranny of Tiberuis. Ascendancy of Sejanus. Fall of Sejanus AD 30.

       26 Pontius Pilate appointed as the sixth Procurator of Judaea.

2. The Imperial Rule

It will be seen from this summary, that while Jesus was passing a quiet childhood in the Galilaean valley, few startling events disturbed the peace of the world. But it was an epoch of the greatest historical interest. It was a crisis in the kingdoms of the world as well as in the Kingdom of God. Rome had completed her conquests – no formidable rival was left to threaten her power in any direction. But the moment when the Roman people secured the empire of the world, they resigned their own liberties into the hands of a single master.

Caesar Octavianus, afterwards named Augustus, the successor of the great Julius Caesar, was the first to consolidate this enormous individual power; it was he who bequeathed to the world the proudest titles of despotic rule – Emperor – Kaiser Czar. With him the true nature of the monarchy was veiled over by the retention of Republican forms, and by a nominal re‑election at intervals. The justice and clemency of his rule kept out of sight the worst abuses of unlimited power. And partly owing to the fact that the most brilliant age of Roman literature coincided with the reign of Augustus, his name is associated rather with literary culture and refinement, than with despotic sway.

When Jesus grew up to manhood, the grace and culture and the semblance of liberty which had gilded the despotism of Augustus vanished under the dark influence of the morose and cruel Tiberius. If ever men suffered from hopeless tyranny and wrong, it was in this reign. It is a miserable history of lives surrounded by suspicion and fear, and of the best and purest citizens yielding to despair or removed by secret assassination.

It can perhaps be scarcely a matter of surprise, that a Jewish patriot, alive to the horrors of this despotism and recalling the prophetic images of a triumphant Messiah, should sometimes have dreamed that the Kingdom of God would be manifested by the overthrow of this monstrous evil, and in turn establish itself as an external power stronger and more resistless than Rome. It is this thought that gives point to the third temptation presented to our Lord. (Matt. 4: 8,9)

3. The Provincial System

A glance at the Provincial system of Rome with especial reference to Palestine will show how truly, in an external sense, Christ came in the fullness of time.

Under the Empire the condition of the provinces was happier than formerly. The rapacity of individual governors was checked by the imperial supervision. Moreover, great consideration was in many cases shown to a conquered people. National customs were allowed to continue; even native princes were in several instances confirmed in their rule on condition of becoming tributary to Rome.

In accordance with this principle, the Herodian dynasty was tolerated in Palestine. Observe how the changes in that dynasty affected the life of Christ. When Jesus was born, Herod was reigning in Jerusalem; hence the events that led to the flight into Egypt. On the return of Jesus with Mary and Joseph, the kingdom was divided; hence the possibility of taking refuge from the cruelty of an Archelaus under the more tolerant Antipas in the home at Nazareth. The banishment of Archelaus a few years afterwards brought about the establishment in Judaea of the Roman government, which with its accustomed liberality left the national system represented by the Sanhedrin, not wholly unimpaired, indeed, but still influential.

Important consequences followed this precise political position. The Jewish nation was still responsible. It was Israel and not Rome that rejected the Messiah Israel that condemned to death the Lord of Life. But it was Rome that executed the will of the Jewish people. Jesus suffered, by the law of Rome, death on the Roman cross, with all its significance, its agreement with prophecy, and its divine fitness. The point to be observed is that under no other political conditions could this event have taken place in that precise manner, which was wholly in accordance with the Scriptures that foretell the Messiah.

4. A Time of Peace

The lull of peace that pervaded the Roman world, was another element in the external preparation for the advent of Christ. In the generation which preceded and in that which followed the life of Christ on earth, Palestine, and indeed the whole empire, was disquieted by the greatest political confusion. In the generation before the Christian Era, Anthony and Augustus were contending for the mastery of the world, and a disputed succession disturbed the peace of Palestine. The succeeding generation was filled with the horrors of the Jewish war, of which Galilee was the focus, and which culminated in the fall of Jerusalem. It is clear that the conditions of Christ’s ministry could not have been fulfilled in either of these conjunctures.

5. The Various Nationalities in Palestine

A further point of interest at the particular period when Jesus lived on earth, is the variety of nationalities which the special circumstances of the time brought together in Palestine.

A political epoch that found a Roman governor in the south (where the native ecclesiastical rule still prevailed), Idumean kings in the north and east, wild mountain and desert tribes pressing on the frontiers in one direction, peaceful Phoenicians in another, involved a mixture and gathering of populations which made Palestine an epitome of the whole world. The variety of life and thought, which must have resulted from these different social elements, is one of those external circumstances which have rendered the Gospel so fit to instruct every age and every condition of men.

6. The Religious Condition of the Empire

The wider and more interesting question of the religious state of the world at this epoch, cannot be fully discussed here. In Greece and in Rome, the most civilized portions of the earth, Religion allowed, or at least was ineffectual to prevent, a state of morality which St. Paul describes with terrible plainness in the first chapter of his Epistle to the Romans. Gross immorality entered even into the ritual of worship; Religion raised no voice against the butchery of gladiatorial shows, or against infanticide, or slavery, or suicide, or even against the horrors of human sacrifice.

Little real belief in the gods and goddesses remained; and though ancient superstitions still lingered among the vulgar, the interested motives on the part of priests and communities kept alive the cult of special deities, and supported shrines and temples in various parts of the world, and though, credulity gaining ground as true religious feeling passed away, the mysterious rites of Egypt and the East, the worship of Isis and of Mithras flourished at Rome in spite of repressive edicts ‑ all this was external and unreal, a thin cover for deep‑seated and wide‑spread skepticism.

Philosophy did but little to fill the void. Stoicism, the favorite creed with the practical Roman, though apparently nearest to Christianity in some respects, was deeply opposed to the Christian spirit by its pride, its self‑sufficiency, its exclusiveness, its exaltation of human nature, its lack of love, its approval of suicide. Epicurism had degenerated from a high ideal to a mere pursuit of sensual pleasure.

It was in the midst of a world thus corrupt to the core, that the beautiful and novel conception rose of a religion, which recognizing no limits of race or language, should without distinction draw all men to itself by its appeal to the sin‑stricken conscience, and by the satisfaction it brought to the deepest needs of humanity.

(Written by A. Carr, M.A., an imminent Bible scholar of England)

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Friends: Sincere Christian greetings!

Please continue to send the newsletter as it certainly provides food for our souls. God bless all of you as you continue your work for the Lord at the Bible House. Please tell me how I can get a copy of the book, “Pastor Charles Taze Russell” by David Horowitz.    Sincerely, ------- (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Greetings in Christ our Lord – Peace be with you!

I’ve been receiving the newsletter for almost two years now. I’ve enjoyed them immensely. I attend the Oakland County Bible Students Ecclesia. What I’ve noticed in your newsletter was the book on “Pastor C. T. Russell.” I’d like to pay for it, but since you don’t give the cost, I’m sending you $-- and the cost for postage $-- , plus a small donation. Please use it in your efforts.

Your sister in Christ, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in Jesus’ precious Name!

Thank you so kindly for sending us the book about Pastor Russell. I intended to send for it, but you have beat me to it. Thanks ever so much. We are enjoying the book. Would it be possible to let me have one more book. A Jehovah’s Witness asked me to get him one. She wants to pass it to some of her friends. We would appreciate it. Thank you!

I am enclosing a check. Please be free to use it as you may. Thank you very much for the literature we receive from you so often. We enjoy the spiritual food, then we pass it to others. Christian love, ------- (CANADA)

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Dear Brethren: Greetings of love in the Name of our Precious Redeemer!

Many thanks for your article No. 366. Here you mention that you have a book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” We wish to receive a copy if there is more available. Sincerely, ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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ANNOUNCEMENT

We have requested the publisher to give a discount on bulk orders for the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” She has agreed to give 20% discount on orders from 10 to 25; on 26 to 40, 25% discount; from 41 to 50, 33% discount. The publisher mentioned there should be a note “Department EH” on such orders.


NO. 369: IN THY NAME PERFORMED MANY WONDERS

by Epiphany Bible Students


No. 369

“Not every one who says to me, Master, Master, will enter into the kingdom of the Heavens; but he who performs the will of that Father of mine. Many will say to Me in that day, have we not taught in thy name?: and in Thy name expelled demons? and in Thy name performed many wonders? And then I will plainly, declare to them, I never approved of you.” (Matt. 7:21‑23,Dia.) Inasmuch as the Lord says “many” would be guilty of these defects, it would seem we should have little difficulty in locating them; but it has been well stated that all systems of error have some truth, some good in them; otherwise, they would fool no one. Some of the worst systems of error require their adherents to live exemplary lives in some respects – no tobacco, no alcohol, some even forbidding condiments, such as salt, pepper, and the like. Outwardly, many such would be considered as “examples of the believers” by the multitude not skilled in discerning spiritual things; and St. Paul stresses this point in Rom. 2:28, 29, Dia.: “Not that which is external (outwardly) makes the Jew, nor that which is external in the flesh circumcision (the mere physical performance of circumcision counts for nothing); but the Jew is hidden within, even circumcision of the heart – spiritual, not literal; whose praise comes not from men, but from God.” Clearly enough, “Man looketh on the outward appearance,” but this avails nothing. “The Lord looketh on the heart”; thus, to his own Lord each man will stand or fall.

Inasmuch as “many” will be clamoring for recognition in “that day when I make up My Jewels,” we may logically conclude that there would be varying degrees of guilt in those who receive the answer, “I never approved of you.” Therefore, we shall consider here only those who have been more prominent in misleading “the unstable and the unlearned”; and these are clearly set forth in the type of Balaam, whose record is to be found in Numbers 22, 23, and 24. He is mentioned three times in the New Testament 2 Peter 2:15, Jude 11, and Rev. 2:14; and the Berean Comments on these verses say he is a type of those who teach error for profit. The Apostle Peter says such are guilty of “alluring unstable souls...having forsaken the right path, they wandered; having followed the way of Balaam... they loved the reward of unrighteousness.” In Revelation they are mentioned for the first time in connection with the Pergamos Church – the third epoch of the Gospel‑Age Church – where it says of them, “Thou hast there those holding the teaching of Balaam... and in like manner those holding the teachings of the Nicolaitines” (power “graspers in the Church).

It is well to emphasize here that the Pergamos period of the Church was the one in which the Roman Catholic and the Greek Catholic Churches began to rise to influence and to grasp for power, influence and wealth in the earth. It had its beginning about 313 AD, when Constantine gave his approval to the Bishop of Rome as the outstanding authority in the Christian Church. When he assembled the Council of Nice in 325 AD to establish the doctrine of the Trinity, almost the entire assembly of Bishops from all parts of the realm gave sanction to the teaching – the only exceptions being Arius (then about 75 years old) and two other bishops. These three were banished from the Roman Empire. The comment on the Pergamos Church is “where Satan’s seat is... where Satan Dwelleth.” This is indeed fitting description of the Roman Hierarchy, which during that era began “to hold the teaching of Balaam.”

However, it is not our wish to offer profuse detail on Dark‑Age happenings, or of early American history. Rather, we shall concentrate upon present‑day conditions, since the members of antitypical Balaam are so much in evidence on radio and television and in the printing press. Occasionally we give ear to some of them, because their very errors and tactics give much food for thought. Solomon was well alerted to such in his day; and he offers sound description of them in Prov. 6:12, 13 (Rotherham): “An Abandoned man, a man of iniquity is he who Winketh with his eyes, speaketh with his foot, pointeth with his fingers.” Here is a terse description of an actor; and, when we see any one resorting to the antics of an actor in the Church, we may be certain he is a phony – a member of antitypical Balaam. The true teachers in the Church all during the Age have never found it expedient to resort to the actor’s technique. St. Paul offers sound counsel: “Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt.” (Col. 4:6) In view of the numerous warnings of Jesus to “be not as the actors,” we may be certain He resorted to none of it in His sermons. On the contrary, “All bare Him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of His mouth.” (Luke 4:22)

When That Servant died in 1916 there shortly arose numerous divisions among those who had been his enthusiastic followers; and the evidence is clear enough that many of them followed “the teaching of Balaam,” so we now offer some interesting facts about some of them.

JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES

In less than a year after That Servant’s demise J. F. Rutherford had firmly established himself in power as President of the organization. Then the adherents were known as the International Bible Students Ass’n; the name Jehovah’s Witnesses was not adopted until about 1931. But the Judge began immediately to modernize operations; he would put some ‘zip’ into the organization. This had its first real pronounced impetus at the Cedar Point Convention at Sandusky, Ohio, in September 1919 – a few months after JFR and his seven associates had been released from Atlanta penitentiary, which had been their home for about a year due to their unwarranted criticism of the United States’ efforts in the Great War. At that Convention he stressed the importance of service – let each Class appoint a Service Director, and prepare for the big drive. He then persuaded certain salesmen in the group to go from city to city to instruct the brethren in high‑class sales methods; service was emphasized above all else. Even the development of good character was relegated to limbo. “You do not develop a character; you are a character,” said he. Thus, the exalted standards of the High Calling, which had prevailed under That Servant, were soon sullied and passe. Tobacco, alcohol and other vices quickly became acceptable – although it should be stated, in fairness, that after his death in 1942, reforms were instituted by the Present Management.

Altho That Servant had advocated service as a necessary way of the Christian life, his was a gracious persuasion, and not high‑pressured commercial technique. At his death there was estimated to be about 40,000 readers of the semi‑monthly Watch Tower, making for publication of about 75,000 of the magazines each month. The present average monthly publication of the paper is 15,600,000 – a lusty 2,000 per cent increase as a result of the ‘improved’ methods instituted by The Judge. By present‑day commercial standards that would be rated an outstanding success. At five cents each, that means a monthly return of $780,000 – or $9,360,000 per year. Thus, it is easily discerned that the operation may be reckoned as ‘big business.’ Now, the principal cost of the magazine is the paper and ink – no advertising, no sales expense, no taxes of any kind – so a little calculation will readily reveal a handsome profit, what with the labor production cost being a very minimum – no unions, no strikes for ‘higher wages,’ no competition. Perhaps we should exercise charity and not unequivocally quote the text, “Thou hast there those holding the teaching of Balaam” (type of those that teach error for profit); but, whether or not we correctly evaluate the ‘profit’ motive, we do unequivocally attest to the error they have produced, and the autocratic methods which have prevailed in their undertaking since 1916. While it was true that That Servant had absolute control over every feature of the work while he was there – the whole thing belonged to him – yet he used, but never abused that power. But to guard against another individual gaining the same supremacy, he stated in his will that seven brethren should form the editorial committee of the Watch Tower; but that mandate was short‑lived – the Judge quickly saw to that. He would tolerate no restraint from any one; he would be master of all he surveyed. But in America such high‑handed dictatorship is not lightly taken; and just recently there has come to us an article published in February 1972, about one result of such management:

“THE LEGAL CASE AGAINST THE WATCH TOWER EXPOSED BY A FORMER ‘INSIDER’”

“Briefly stated, ……. was Legal Counsel for the Watchtower organization at the Brooklyn headquarters from 1935 to 1939. On July 21, 1939 he submitted a letter of resignation in protest against a number of internal organizational matters, chiefly discrimination and ill treatment of headquarters personnel. But the resignation was actually transformed into a summary discharge on a 12‑hour notice.

“Because of the material published in the Watchtower magazines of October 15 and November 15, 1939, ……. brought suit to recover $100,000 damages. A jury, on May 27, 1943, awarded $30,000, which was reduced to $15,000 and costs, on appeal. The Watchtower paid up. (This last statement is made because there have been subsequent distortions by some members of that organization.)

“The events surrounding the trial and the testimony brought out during it provide a wealth of information as to what the so‑called ‘Theocracy’ of the Watchtower is, in fact. For one thing it is guilty of the same sins it so zealously accuses other religious organizations of committing and omitting. although it appropriates to itself the terms ‘Theocracy’ and ‘God’s organization,’ it is an organization of mere men with capacities for evil and good. ‘Judge’ Rutherford was every bit a Hitler or a Catholic Pope, two of his pet symbols of evil. He could have said ‘The Theocracy’ as easily as Louis XIV.

“The testimony at the trial revealed that the headquarters staff had to be ever mindful of the possible consequences of chance remarks or off‑the‑cuff opinions. Who was friend and who was foe was an important factor in personal relationships at ‘Bethel,’ the name given the dormitory at 124 Columbia Heights, and the factory at 117 Adams Street, both in Brooklyn, N.Y. It was also abundantly clear in the testimony in ...... vs. Franz that a very real ‘thought control’ extended to the membership as a whole, and that means world‑wide. .…… had encountered the facts of that control when he attempted to re‑establish his life and business in his home state of Wisconsin after leaving Bethel, July of 1939. It confirmed his resolve to bring suit, and the jury, hearing and seeing the indoctrinated witnesses at the trial, also concluded there was a certain concerted plan to blacken the name of .......

“The trial lasted about three weeks and the printed record of it runs to almost 2,000 pages in three volumes.

“Many readers are aware of the changes in the Watchtower after its founder, ‘Pastor’ Charles T. Russell died and ‘Judge’ Joseph F. Rutherford became the boss. The trial testimony admits enough facts to indicate that all was not exactly ‘Godlike’ or ‘Theocratic,’ or even democratic, in the methods Rutherford used to secure his position. We learn that Rutherford first became affiliated and active with the Watchtower movement about 1909. By 1915 Rutherford, having been a member of the Board of Directors, withdrew from active service and the Society loaned him $1,000 to go out and set up a business in Los Angeles. (Altho not clear in the trial testimony, several individuals have told me that Russell paid the money to get Rutherford away from headquarters because he was a dangerous man.) As soon as Russell died in October of 1916 Rutherford took a lively interest in Watchtower affairs, became a candidate for the presidency and was elected in 1917.

“Altho Pastor Russell in his will had ordered that the Board of Directors should control the organization, and not one man, Rutherford immediately violated this by preparing and having a bylaw enacted which gave him complete authority in organization affairs. It was the first bylaw change ever made and it created considerable turmoil. There was a demand for an investigation and an attempt to rescind it. Rutherford was successful in ejecting all dissenting directors from Bethel and solidifying his position in the organization. The new bylaws and Charter of the Society ensured lifetime tenure for Rutherford and the “faithful” directors and became in effect a self‑perpetuating body.

“The plaintiff was aware of some dissension at Bethel in 1917, but cast his lot with the dominant group. His religious inclinations made him quite susceptible to the subtle thought control coming from Bethel in Brooklyn, until in 1935 he joyously accepted the call to serve ‘God’s Organization’ in his chosen profession as a lawyer. Disillusionment started soon after his residence at Bethel, but he was not one to act in haste. The opening salvo of battle was fired in October of 1940 with the service of a summons upon Rutherford and the Society. Rutherford died in January 8, 1942; and I believe ------- was disappointed at the loss of an opportunity for a confrontation with the pseudo‑messiah.

“Rutherford was a pseudo judge also. The testimony of the trial explains that although never elected or appointed to office as a Judge, he was advertised as such, because some time before 1917, while in a court at Booneville, Mo., the lawyers present elected him as a temporary judge for a period of but four days.

“Subsequent to the successful end of ------- personal Armageddon, additional evidence continued to come in about the evil and vindictive use of the power Rutherford enjoyed as the head of a body of devoted, but deluded martyrs (witnesses) of the ‘Theocracy.’ Not all were deluded, however. The top echelons of the organization were (and probably are today) aware of the absence of divinity and the presence of base humanity in the Watchtower theocracy.”

The general gist of much of the foregoing was quite familiar to us before the paper came to us. We learned from personal experience with Rutherford in the early twenties just what manner of person he was; and that persuaded us then to sever all relations with him and the Watchtower organization – for which we breathe a prayer of thanks at every remembrance of our good fortune. However, as stated aforegoing, we are content to treat lightly the financial complex of the Watchtower’s activities, and apply ourselves to some of their errors of teaching. The complexion of many of their teachings has changed with the rapidity of a chameleon changing color. It has been stressed by some of their top officials that “we do not believe this year what we believed last year; and we probably won’t believe next year what we are believing this year.” Thus, it seems unbelievable that educated men in America could be hoodwinked by such ‘sleight of hand’; and we are strongly reminded of the Scripture, “Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.” (Gen. 49:4) Eventually, the axiom must prevail, “Be sure your sin will find you out.” Without attempting exhaustive analysis of their devious system of error, we shall confine this presentation to a perusal of their attitude past and present, toward

THE JEWS: – Going back to 1910, Pastor Russell was then in absolute control of the Watch Tower as owner, editor and publisher. Having a very clear understanding of Jewish hopes and prospects as they are revealed in the Old Testament, he arranged for a special meeting in the Hippodrome Theatre in New York City to explain his understanding of those prophecies; and the theatre was filled with Jews, many of them of high rank in American Society. So well were they persuaded that for many years after 1910 many Jews fondly referred to him as their Pastor.

However, after four years of devastating war from 1914 to 1918, the Gentile nations were so weakened that disaster was apparent on all hands. Whether the somber outlook was the motivating force, we cannot now know, but Great Britain asked for the Mandatory over Palestine, which was granted by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922, the same being known as The Balfour Declaration. But a slight detail should be mentioned here that is not in many of the records. Lord Curzon was then the British representative to the League, and he was very much against the Jews rebuilding Palestine. Thus, the outlook was dark indeed that the resolution before the League would receive favorable action. However, just before the matter was to appear for discussion Lord Curzon became ill, and England then appointed Lord Balfour to take his place. He was fully in favor of confirmation; and his appointment caused many Jews enthusiastically to declare, “It is a miracle from God.”

But the real miracle there was the Mandate itself, which came as a free gift to the Jews with little or no help from the Jews themselves. To those familiar with the history of Zionism this was indeed a miracle. After the dispersion in 70 AD by the Romans, the Jews tried every device known to man to regain their beloved homeland. They tried to buy it from the Turks; they tried to take it by force of arms; they tried to secure it through diplomatic channels – all of which met a blank wall at every effort. The “due time” had not yet come for them to rebuild the country; but, when the “due time” did arrive, God then gave it to them as a gift, which left no cause whatever for them to boast about what they had done, because they had not done anything. The United States, Great Britain, and other Gentile Governments combined to do for them what inspired prophecy had said would be done when the “due time’ arrived.

There is another incident worthy of record here: In 1917 British General Allenby had charge of the army that was beseiging Jerusalem; and he was well informed that his strength was amply sufficient to capture the city. But, knowing the reverent regard for the City by Christian and Jew alike, he did not want his cannons to devastate the many places there that held such appealing historical background. Therefore, he assembled his entire air strength, and ordered them to fly over the City in the hope the Turks would be intimidated to surrender. Which is exactly what they did – without a battle – and the City was saved. It is our opinion that the prophecy in Isa. 31:4, 5 was that day fulfilled, which we now quote from the Rotherham translation: “Yaveh of hosts will come down to make war over Mount Zion, and over the hill thereof. As little mother birds hovering so will Yaveh of hosts throw a covering over Jerusalem, – Covering so will He rescue, Passing over so will He deliver.” Certainly, it requires no stretch of our imagination to conclude that this prophecy, “as birds flying,” was fulfilled that day in 1917.

COMFORT FOR THE JEWS” – When J. F. Rutherford seized control of the Watchtower in 1917, the tree was still green; and many of the superior interpretations of Scripture that had emanated from the mind of Pastor Russell were still zealously accepted by “The Judge” and those that supported him. This was true of the Jewish question, too; and this prompted him in 1925 to publish “Comfort For The Jews,” a book of 127 pages designed especially to accomplish the “comfort” that the caption indicates. In the Foreword there are these lines: “This volume will be of profound interest to Jews and Gentiles alike. It is the first unbiased presentation of the subject from the Scriptural viewpoint published.”

The following brief, but disconnected quotations from that book will leave no doubt in the minds of our readers that the “Judge” then cherished warm friendship for the Jewish people and their place in prophecy. Here is the opening statement:

“Are the Jews the rightful owners and justly entitled to the full and uninterrupted possession of the land of Palestine? Will the Jews be restored to the possession of the land of Palestine, build there their permanent home and establish a government which shall beneficially affect other peoples of the earth? (p.5)... The question then arises, Who is a Jew? (p. 6) A Jew is one who is the natural descendant of Jacob (Israel) and who has faith in the words uttered by Jacob concerning Judah. Such a one will have faith in all the promises which God has made to the Israelites through His prophets, who were holy men of old. (p. 8)

“That class of natural descendants of Jacob who have such faith in God and in His word, really are Jews; and they will receive comfort by now giving a careful consideration to the prophecies of God’s word (p.9)... It will be found that the Scriptures definitely teach that salvation is of the Jews because it is from the tribe of Judah that Shiloh the Messiah comes, He who shall be the Savior and Deliverer of mankind – the Jews first and thereafter the Gentiles. (p. 11) The rebuilding of Palestine is now beginning (in 1925) and is well under way. This is being done clearly in fulfillment of prophecy uttered as promises from Jehovah. (p. 12) Of all the peoples of the world the Jews have the greatest reason for faith in Jehovah God and His Word. No other people were ever favored as were the Jews. (pp. 12, 13)

“When Abraham was 175 years old he died. God had promised him the land and had bound the promise with His oath; but Abraham never possessed a foot of it as his own. Does that mean that God’s promises are not true? It does not. God’s promises are sure; therefore, we must understand that it is the purpose of the Lord at some future time to raise Abraham out of death and give to him, and to his offspring who have the faith of Abraham, all the land that He promised him. That time is at hand. Hence every Jew should take comfort therefrom. (p. 18) Let every Jew take courage now and know that the promises that the Lord God made to Abraham, to Isaac, to Jacob and to the Israelites through the prophets are absolutely certain of fulfillment. (p. 19)

“God established with Israel the true religion; namely, that they should worship Jehovah as the only true God. (p. 37) Why did the nation of Israel fall? The answer is, because of their unfaithfulness to Jehovah God. (p. 44) But Is Israel cast off forever? The answer is, No indeed. Mark the statement made by the Lord to Ezekiel at the time of pronouncing the final decree against them. It is – ‘I will overturn, overturn, overturn it; and it shall be no more until He come whose right it is; and I will give it to Him.” (Ezek. 21:27) The mere fact that the Lord said He would overturn it until a set time, is conclusive proof that it is God’s purpose to restore Israel to His favor. (p. 45)

“That God has made the promise to Abraham that He would give to him, and to his seed after him, the land of Palestine for an everlasting inheritance, is of itself sufficient proof that at some time Israel would be regathered there and have possession of the land forever. (p. 53)... The men who are really doing the work of rebuilding Palestine are called ‘chaluzim,’ which means pioneers. Many of these are men of splendid education and training, but they are devoted to the arduous labor of rebuilding their homeland. (p. 62)... This is the time therefore (in 1925) when a message of comfort must come to the Jew. Every one who loves Jehovah should take pleasure in passing the good tidings on to those who are Jews and who desire to know and to do God’s holy will. (p. 69)... The blessing carries with it all the favors of health, peace, prosperity and happiness. Every feature of the divine law therefore becomes important to the Jew first, and afterwards to all those who shall receive the blessings through   the divinely provided seed. (p. 80)

“During the past few years the strenuous efforts put forth by the Jews have resulted in enlisting many men and gathering considerable money and accomplishing some results in the rebuilding of their homeland. But they realize there is something lacking. Mr. Leon Simon, writing concerning the significance of Palestine for the Jews, says: “Palestine has not been restored to the Jews. The Jews are not a corporate body of the kind to which a country could be given. (p. 93) (But this is now an accomplished fact in 1972 – JJH)

“Has God spent all these years in an effort merely to establish Israel in Palestine to give her a home? No; that is not the sole purpose. God’s purpose is to regather Israel into that land that she may become a mighty nation, even greater than in the past, and that through her the peoples may be brought back into harmony with God and all the families of the earth receive a blessing through Abraham’s seed as promised. And to this end God has promised to make a new covenant with the Jews (p. 96,97)... God has gathered many of the people of Israel into the land of Palestine. As they begin to grow in wisdom by learning the Lord’s Word, God will draw near unto them and make with them a new covenant as He has promised (p. 98)... What could be God’s purpose in making a new covenant with Israel? In order that Israel might know what is required of her before she can receive the promised blessings, and that by keeping this covenant she may be blessed (p. 99)...

“God promised the land to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob. They are all dead. They have not had any part in the land. How can these promises be made good to them? If they remain forever dead the promises cannot be made good to them. God has promised, however, to open the graves and bring them up out of the graves, even as it is written, ‘Thus saith the Lord God, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel.’ – Ezek. 37:13 (p. 101)... Now in the latter days, at the close of the Gentile Times, God’s favor is returning to Israel and the light begins to shine as the great antitypical Jubilee opens. (p. 106)... It is quite apparent that the first and chief purpose of the Law was to foreshadow better things to come and that by this schoolmaster God would teach the Jews concerning this blessing, that they might be used by Him in due time to give blessings to others. (p. 108)

“In view of the fact that we are approaching the time when the new covenant is to be made, it behooves every Jew to look well to the teaching of God’s Word that he may see what provision God has made. (p. 110)... Now the positive promise through the Prophet Hosea is that God will redeem man from death, the grave, and destroy death (p. 111)... The race must be blessed with an opportunity for life, because God by His word and by His oath promised Abraham that such should be (p. 112)... The time has come for Israel’s blindness to be removed and for her to see what wonderful provisions God has made for the salvation of the Jews and for the establishment of them again in their homeland… (p. 123)

“It must be apparent to every Jew who has followed the argument herein set forth, which has been based exclusively upon the Holy Scriptures, that God intends Israel, the Jews, to have the land of Palestine; that He promised that land to Abraham and to his seed after him, and that He purposes to keep that promise; that for many centuries God has by various experiences been teaching the Jews, and through them other peoples, that He is Jehovah God... that all who prove their love for God and loyalty and faithfulness to Him shall receive His blessings. (p. 125)

“The Jews now, in fulfillment of prophecy, are being regathered to Palestine (p. 125)… The day has come when Israel shall know as never before that Jehovah is her God. ‘Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord; and the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance.’ (Psa. 33:12) The day of Jubilee is come; the good news must be given to the people of Israel and then to all the peoples of the earth. The long dark period of Israel’s warfare is ended. The favor of God is being extended to her… (pp. 126‑27) Some one who loves the Lord must speak the message of comfort to the Jews. The time has come for the prophecy to have its fulfillment... Let the good tidings be told, to wit:

‘Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the Lord’s hand double for all her sins. O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain: O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God.” – Isa. 40:1, 9” (Page 127)

SUMMATION – The foregoing gives a clear resume of the teachings concerning the Jews that prevailed with the Watchtower group in 1925 – which was 47 years ago. Many of their present‑day zealots were not yet born then, so they are in complete ignorance of the reversal that has taken place. Of their extensive membership today less than 10,000 were affiliated with them in 1925. Therefore, the large majority who now preach annihilation for the Jews in Armageddon may be quite honest in their belief, which does not make it right, of course. In the foregoing pages we have offered a very brief synopsis of the 1925 book, almost all of which is a paraphrase of Pastor Russell’s conclusions concerning the past, present and future status of that race as it appears in the Great Eternal Purpose of God. We were in full accord with all of it in 1925 – and we still are in full accord with it; and all the Watchtower adherents were then also in full accord with it. At least, we ourselves do not know of one dissenting voice among them at that time. Now the Witnesses have completely reversed themselves, and are not only not “speaking comfortably to Jerusalem,” but they are speaking very “dis” comforting tidings, as they resign them to extinction in Armageddon. Of course, they are doing this with every one now who does not accept them; but they emphasize it as regards the Jews. Just what has caused them to reverse themselves, we may not know; but they are now following the pattern pursued by their large Gospel‑Age counterpart, the Roman Catholic Church, which over the centuries past also carried out a pronounced antagonism toward the Jews – instigated perhaps by their failure to convert the Jews to their system of error. This may be at the bottom of the Witnesses’ present attitude also; but we offer this only as a possibility.

“Comfort For The Jews” ends with Isa. 40:1, 9, as given above, and the frontispiece has a picture of Jerusalem underneath which is this Scripture from Psa. 122:6: “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem – they shall prosper that love thee.” In between these two Scriptures is to be found the general contents of the book; and on p. 69 is to be found what we quoted aforegoing, which we now repeat for the benefit of our readers: “Every one who loves Jehovah should take pleasure in passing the good tidings on to those who are Jews and who desire to know and to do God’s holy will.” Therefore, comparing their 1925 teaching with what they now offer in 1972, it should be very clear that their “love of Jehovah” has experienced a direct reversal; and people who can be wrong on such a major tenet of Christian teaching may be equally wrong on many other lesser points. Thus, any teaching they present should be viewed with a critical eye. In fact, we are strongly reminded of Isa. 14:16 (in application only): “They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms?” “IN THY NAME PERFORMED MANY WONDERS.”

The Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement is another group that is following in the path of the Watchtower as respects the Jews – although they do not eliminate the Jews altogether, as do the Jehovah’s Witnesses. They have made special effort to “comfort the Jews,” but out of the other side of their mouths they teach that their Campers Consecrated are to be special recipients of the “comfort” instead of the Jews – setting aside the teaching of That Servant and of the Apostle Paul, that the Jews will have the preeminence in the Mediatorial reign. They tell their Campers Consecrated that they are the chief class of Restitutionists now, and will also be the chief class at the inception of the Kingdom – as helpers to the visible ruling powers (the Worthies). The Witnesses contend the same for their Great Multitude. We hope, D.v. to give more details on this subject in a future writing; but for now, these two groups – the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement – are the only groups emanating from the organization left at the death of Pastor Russell – so far as we know – who have sullied his teaching on the “Jewish Hopes and Prospects” with vagarious teachings of their own invention. Thus, neither of these groups is now offering the Scriptural “comfort to the Jews.” Many sects in Christendom are now proffering some of this Scriptural “comfort” – much to the shame of these two groups, who have grossly revolutionized against the light they once had and taught – and have gone into “outer darkness” (error) thereon. (Matt. 25:30 – See Berean Comment)

Once more we would stress the counsel of St. Paul in 2 Tim. 3:13, 14, Diaglott: – “Evil men and impostors will make progress for the worse, deceiving and being deceived. But do thou continue in the things which thou didst learn (from tried and proven teachers such as That Servant), and wast convinced of, knowing by whom thou hast been instructed.

“For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein. (Psa. 69:35‑36)