NO. 371: THE 70 YEAR'S DESOLATION OF THE LAND

No. 371

On page 45 of the May-June 1980 Present Truth, there is an article with the above caption; and we have been asked to publish our comments on it, which we now do.

It is written in 2 Chron. 36:21, “To fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths, for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfill threescore and ten years.” This text relates to the seventy years of captivity of the Jews in Babylon, which had its inception in the Fall of 607 B. C., and continued to 536 BC, when Cyrus the Great issued his proclamation that the Jews be permitted to return to Palestine; but still to be subject to him. The Jews were to have 2520 years of servility under the Gentiles; and this was to con­tinue until 1914 AD – when the Gentile governments began to be evicted from their do­minion of earthly affairs. And that eviction has been progressing with increased vigor until the present; and will increase in intensity in the years immediately ahead.

But the statement in 2 Chron. 36:21 is not to be found anywhere else in the Bible; and it has reference to the fifty-year Jubilee cycles as given in Lev. 25:8-17. The PT article mentioned above is substantially a reprint of the one to be found in the Jan.­-Feb. 1962 PT, in which it is stated that both Messengers did not consider those seventy years in Babylon as a portrayal of seventy literal years here in the end of the Age. Their conclusions may be right – or they may not be so; but in this we should make gen­erous allowance that neither the two Messengers – nor any one else, so far as we know ­ever visualized the great length of time that the Time of Trouble is consuming. It is very clear now that this Trouble will not be nearly completed at the end of the seventy years. It will continue for some years further – although at present we have no date to suggest for its ultimate completion. This “present evil world” is passing away, but we shall first see Armageddon – world-wide revolution – and Anarchy before present gov­ernments totally expire – “as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers.” (Rev. 2:27)

It should be stressed here that the religious systems of Christendom are to go down first, to be followed by these governments in their present form. And, while there will be some forms of Gentile government after Armageddon, we have the “sure word of prophecy” (2 Pet. 1:19) that the present religious systems will never rise again. “A mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, say­ing, thus with violence (the approaching violence is most apparent on every hand) shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.” (Rev. 18:21) “The sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee... And in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth.” (Rev. 18:22-24) Further on, we shall elaborate upon this feature; but history abundantly testifies to the brutal atrocities that were perpetrated upon faithful Christians all during the Age, but particularly so during the Dark Ages. “The blood of all the proph­ets ... may be required of this generation. From the blood of Abel to the blood of Zacharias ... shall be required of this generation.” (Luke 11:50,51)

The Anarchy will culminate with the termination of Jacob’s Trouble (a very severe trial that will come upon the Jews in Palestine—Zech. 14:1-3). That will end the Time of Trouble, after which the “New covenant” (Jer. 31:31-33), and Christ’s Kingdom will be established to “bless all the families of the earth.” (Gen. 12:3)

Some may raise the objection that the Jews are still suffering – even after the Times of the Gentiles have ended. And we have no argument with this. However, their present afflictions are simply those that are “common to man” throughout the whole world in this great Time of Trouble. Their present difficulties are not any special punish­ment upon them because “they crucified the Lord of Glory”; and their present troubles should be viewed from that standpoint. This great Time of Trouble is upon the whole world, including the Jews – whether in Palestine or in the various nations. “When ye shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place... (Dan. 12:1,2). Then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.” (Matt. 24:15,21) And we are most grateful for the last clause: “No, nor ever shall be.”

Both Messengers taught that the Time of Trouble and the Epiphany are identical; thus, so long as the Time of Trouble is here, self-evidently the Epiphany must also be with us. If Armageddon – world-wide revolution – should begin in 1984, then we would have reason to believe that the seventy years are literal (of which more later). If it does not come in 1984, then we will be forced to the conclusion that we must look to a still further date in the future for the destruction of present systems. However, we do know the “times and seasons” (1 Thes. 5:1,2), even though we may not know beforehand the exact date for the completion of Christendom’s desolation. Spiritually, Christendom was made “desolate” in 1878, when God spewed the various sects out of His mouth (Rev. 3:16); that is, He rejected them then as His mouthpiece to the world; and appointed That Ser­vant to be a “prophet unto the nations” (Jer. 1:5), as well as the steward of His House­hold (Luke 12:42-47) – “ruler over all His goods.” (Matt. 24:45,47)

But Babylon became much more spiritually “desolate” when all the saints were re­moved from their midst by Passover 1916. Today all of the faithful Truth brethren can see Babylon’s corruption; and this is also apparent to many of the more enlightened children of this world.

When some of the vital expectations of That Servant failed in 1914-18, quite a few of the measurably faithful forsook the Truth and its Spirit. We believe these mistakes were permitted for a “trial of your faith” (1 Pet. 1:7); and it adds striking force to the words of Jesus, “He that endureth to the end shall be saved.” (Matt. 10:22) The Mes­sengers understood very clearly the “times and seasons,” and gave us Scriptural proof what events to expect during this Time of Trouble. And we now behold very vividly the occurrence of those events – even though the time is much longer than had been anticipated. The evidence is clear enough that we are living in “the Day of Vengeance of our God” (Isa. 61:2), a “Day of Wrath” (Isa. 63:1-4; Psa. 110:5).

THE EPIPHANY

The Epiphany as a period of time (2 Tim. 4:1) – the last special period of the Gos­pel Age is with us; and is certainly making “manifest” – epiphanizing – persons, prin­ciples and things, through the press, radio and TV. The following is a quote from Parousia Vol. 2, pp. 140, 141:

“There will be a time of retribution upon all who by fraud or force, sometimes in the name of law and under its sanction, have unjustly grasped the rights or property of others..... Ultimately every eye shall discern the change and recognize that the Lord reigneth... But not until the great day of trouble is about closing, nor until the Gentile kingdoms are ground to powder and utterly removed, no place being found for them after 1914 .... not until Babylon is utterly overthrown and her influence over the world broken, will the great mass of mankind come to realize the true state of the case...... The battle of the great day of God Almighty (Rev. 16:14); that in proportion as they have aided error and wrong, they have been battling against the Law and forces of the new Empire and Ruler of earth; that in proportion as their tongues, pens, hands, in­fluence and means, were used to support the right and the truth on any subject, they have been to that extent fighting on the Lord’s side.

“But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief.” (1 Thes. 5:4) So all the Lord’s faithful people do know the “times and seasons.” The Lord’s faithful Mouth­pieces did correctly know the “times and seasons” and so taught us, even though they did not know the length of time it would require completely to destroy this “present evil world.” Nor do we yet know that time, although we do know we are much closer to this destruction than we were in 1914 or 1954.  However, we consider it very probable that we shall find the correct date once things have progressed some further ­maybe after Armageddon.

As we read in Parousia Vol. 2, p. 99: “In view of this strong Bible evidence con­cerning the Times of the Gentiles, we consider it an established truth that the over­throw of the kingdoms of this world begins in 1914, preparatory to the establishment of the Kingdom of God.” (written in 1889)

On p. 47 of the May-June 1980 PT it is stated, “We will be glad if the Time of Trouble ends in 1984.” We know of no one in Present Truth who expects the Time of Trouble to end in 1984, although we, too, would be glad if it does end then. We shall offer more on the desolation of Christendom later in this article. We know that God is an exact time keeper; and His Word tells us, “The vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry.” (Hab. 2:3) “When the fullness of time was come (on the exact date prophesied), God sent forth his son” (Gal. 4:4); and His ministry began just at the right time! Also, the Times of the Gentiles ended in 1914 – exactly on time.

CHRISTENDOM – BABYLON

Some may consider that Christendom and Babylon are synonymous, which is not fully true, although Babylon is inseparably linked with Christendom – an integral part of it; in fact, it is Babylon that has attached the name Christendom to many of earth’s govern­ments. We do not refer to China, India, Japan, etc., as Christendom; they are heathen­dom. Most of our readers know that Babylon is to be destroyed first; and, while the present governments will collapse, others will succeed them – in various forms, accord­ing to the stature of the people of each country. However, when that time comes, it will no longer be proper to refer to our government and others of like construction as Christendom; they will then simply be classed with the heathen nations – all except Israel. “Behold, the day of the Lord cometh, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee. For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; ... and the residue of the people shall not be cut off... And the Lord shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one Lord, and his name one.” (Zech. 13:2, 9)

Once the foregoing is properly understood, we can then have a clearer understanding of “the desolation of Christendom.” Certainly none of our informed readers will deny that the desolation of Christendom began in 1914. And in the Fall of 1917 – when Ke­rensky toppled over the Czarist regime of Russia – a most decided blow of desolation oc­curred there. The Czar of Russia had been the titular head of the Greek Catholic Church for many centuries; but that Church has been without a head since 1917, which is potent suggestion that at least partial desolation has come to that section of Christendom.

It is now a matter of history that when the Bolsheviks (Communists – Atheists) came to power, they took the dead bodies of saints that had “never decayed,” out on the front steps of the various churches, picked them apart before the eyes of the populace, and proved that those bodies were nothing more than stuffed cotton. There the Scripture was very clear: “The day of vengeance is in mine heart.” (Isa. 63:4)

Similar action occurred in other countries. When the Communists seized power in Cuba, the Roman Catholic Church received great “desolation.” The same may be said for Nicaragua. And in Brazil – the largest Roman Catholic membership in the world – it is reported that seventy or eighty million Roman Catholics have left that Church and have affiliated themselves with the demonized cults of Eastern Asia.

JEZEBEL IN THE BEAUTY PARLOR

However, the Roman Church still makes great display of power in a desperate effort to avoid annihilation. This is graphically typified in 2 Kgs. 9:30: “When Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face (a beauty-parlor effort), and tired her head, and looked out at a window.” One commentator describes it this way: “She painted her eyebrows and eyelids with kohl, a compound of antimony used by women in the East then and now to add to the beauty of their eyes.  Jezebel’s intention is, like Cleopatra’s, to ‘die a queen.’” The antitype of this is going on now by the present Pope as he visits various countries, pleading the cause of “the poor” – the rich should give them of their wealth, but let the Church retain its five billion dollars of wealth.

In 2 Pet. 3:7-10 there is some detail on the desolation of Christendom; and vs. 10 says, “the heavens (present Christian religious systems) shall pass away with a great noise.” Even the poorest intellects of these countries realize that we are experienc­ing a “great noise.” Note the Berean Comment on this text: “A great hissing noise; uproar and confusion.”

BABYLON THE GREAT

The meaning of Babylon is “confusion”; and this confusion is apparent on all hands. The various sects of Christendom all contradict each other on one or more fundamental doctrines; and this produced great uncertainty in the minds of thinking men, some of them even going so far as to reject the Bible as a source of Truth – although the Bible is not responsible for the erratic conclusions that have been reached by many. The Bible is a fiddle to many people; they play any tune with it that appeals to them. This is graphically typified in Jer. 51:7: “Babylon hath been a golden cup in the Lord’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine (false doctrines); therefore, the nations are mad.” The nations are so “mad” in their drunkenness that they have been exerting all their energies since 1914 to tear each other apart; and this effort will eventually result in the collapse of all of them.

The Jeremiah text is very closely quoted in Rev. 17:4: “The woman (Babylon) hath a golden cup in her hand full of abominations.” The Jewish nation, with the religion given to them by the Lord through Moses at Sinai, was typical of Christendom. They had been blessed with “the oracles of God” (Rom. 3:2); but they had so shamefully rejected those “oracles” by the time that Jesus arrived that He said of them: “Woe unto you, hypocrites... have omitted the weightier matters of the Law, judgment, mercy and faith... appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones.” (Matt. 23:23-27)

And Jesus said the same situation will prevail in Christendom when He comes the second time. And the same punishments will come upon “this generation” that came upon the Jews, when the Romans under Emperor Titus destroyed the magnificent temple and dis­persed the Jews throughout the world in the year 70 A. D.; and they have since been de­scribed as “the wandering Jew,” forced from nation to nation, despised, robbed, merci­lessly persecuted by their “Christian” rulers. When they yelled, “His blood be upon us, and upon our children” (Matt. 27:25), God took them at their word: and they have paid a horrible price for “crucifying the Lord of Glory.” But St. Paul tells us they are yet “beloved for the fathers’ sake.” (Rom. 11:28) Abraham was faithful to God, and it was “counted to him for righteousness” (Rom. 4:3); thus, we see them once more established in that land promised to Abraham, and his seed after him forever’

JEZEBEL

JEZEBEL of Old Testament record (1 Kgs. 16:31; 2 Kgs. 9:7-37), is described thus in the writings of one authority: “Daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians and former priest of Astarte (1 Kgs. 16:3l). She became the wife of Ahab, king of Israel. She was a woman of masculine temperament and swayed her husband at will. She was a devoted wor­shiper of Baal, and intolerant of other faiths.  To please her, Ahab reared a temple and an altar to Baal in Samaria, and set up an Asherah (ch. 18:4-13). Though legally only the king’s consort, and not the ruler of the country, yet she slew all the prophets of Jehovah on whom she could lay hands (ch. 18:4-13) When she planned the death of Elijah (ch. 19:1,2), and afterward effected the judicial murder of Naboth, who similarly ig­nored the king’s authority, though he condoned the deed (ch. 21:16-22).

“On account of these murders and other violations of the moral law, the divine sen­tence was pronounced against her that the dogs should eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel (ch. 21:23). The prophecy was literally fulfilled. When, eleven years after Ahab’s death, Jehu executed pitiless vengeance on the royal household, Jezebel painted her face, attired her head, and, looking out at a window, called to him as he approached, ‘Is it peace, thou Zimri, thy master’s murderer?’ Jehu looked up at the window and said, ‘Who is on my side? Who?’ Two or three eunuchs looked out.  ‘Throw her down,’ he cried, and they unhesitatingly obeyed. She fell in front of his chariot, which he intention­ally drove over her, and her blood bespattered the horses and the wall. About an hour later, recalling that the dead woman was a king’s daughter, he gave directions to bury her; but it was found that dogs, the scavengers of Oriental cities, had anticipated him, and had left her nothing but the skull, and the feet, and the palms of the hands (2 Kgs. 9:7, 30-37).”

The only text that Jezebel is mentioned in the New Testament is Rev. 2:20: “I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth her­self a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants.” This Scripture is part of the remarks concerning the “Church in Thyatira.” Thyatira means, “the sweet perfume of a sacrifice”; and is most appropriate because that area of the Church did experience ex­treme persecution as she sacrificed upon the Altar of the Lord.

Thyatira existed some eight centuries after the death of Jesus, so the reference here to Jezebel cannot possibly be addressed to the woman, because she had been dead for more than 1500 years.  Therefore, Jezebel must have been a type of the apostate Church to whom the text is addressed. In these Revelation statements it is well to keep in mind that they apply partly to the Apostate Church and partly to the true Church.

Every antitype is greater than its type; so we may expect the story of the typical Jezebel to be enacted on a much larger scale than the record says of her. In 2 Kgs. 9:35 there is this: “They went to bury her (Jezebel – See 2 Kgs. 9:30-33): but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.” When told about this Jehu remarked: “This is the word of the Lord, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel.”

Jezebel’s death types the destruction of the apostate Church – only the memory of her teachings (skull, intellect); her practices – (evil deeds) – palms of her hands; and her conduct, the memory of her treatment of true Christians throughout this Age; her feet remaining after the revolution­ary dogs (rabid sectarians, partisans – “beware of dogs” – Phil. 3:2, quarrelsome partisans: “they are all dumb dogs” (Isa. 56:10) – will have overthrown her.

THE COMING DESOLATION

In the foregoing we recited some of the difficulties that have come upon some sections of the apostate Church, but they are mild indeed to what awaits her in the very near future, when she will be so completely “desolated” that her only remains will be her erroneous and deceptive teachings, her evil deeds, and her treatment of the Lord’s true people.

Here we would emphasize that we are not offering any set date for these events, although we are thoroughly convinced that all of the events stated herein will see their ful­fillment in the near future. If that should occur by 1984, then we can state with cer­tainty that the Seventy Years of Desolation of the Land (606-536 BC) is a parallel to the seventy years of desolation of Christendom here in the end of the Age. If Babylon is annihilated in that time, then there will no longer be any Christendom as we under­stand that expression now. So we shall wait and see! To offset somewhat this gloomy prediction, we would quote Mal. 3:17 for the encouragement of our readers: “They shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them as a man spareth his only son that serveth him.” This is a sure promise to all those who truly reverence God.  The closing scenes of this Gospel Age will be the most remarkable of the world’s history. While we do not attempt to predict any exact dates, we are persuaded that the most serious part of the trouble will occupy a very short tine. “I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you.” (Hab. 1:5)

More can be accomplished in one month now than could have been done in years some time ago. “A short work will the Lord make upon the earth.” (Rom. 9:28) We have full confidence in the Bible Chronology as given in Parousia Volume 2; and the “signs of the times” abundantly confirm our expectations for the consummation of this Age and the in­auguration of the Kingdom; and all the hopes of those who have prayed “Thy Kingdom Come” in sincerity, will be more than they have wished for.

“O bless our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise to be heard: Which holdeth our soul in life, and suffereth not our feet to be moved.” (Psa. 66:8,9)

Reprint of February, 1981, No. 308

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Sister Hoefle: Christian love in Jesus, our Redeemer and Master!

Our son saw the book "Pastor Charles Taze Russell," by David Horowitz, and is very interested in a copy. Could you please mail him a copy as you mentioned in your leaflet? God Bless you for your labors of love, ------- (ILLINOIS)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings of love in our blessed Redeemer's Name!

I am writing to thank you for the two books on the life of our beloved Pastor Charles Taze Russell, written by David Horowitz. …… I do appreciate it. It makes me happy to know that our Pastor's work is not forgotten. Also, to be made aware of the existence of such precious individuals as you are. I will pass one of them on to other brethren......

Last month it was my privilege to serve the brethren in Orlando, and the topic was on the word REJOICE, taken from Psalm 149:2: "Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be Joyful in their King."............

I have often wondered why Pastor Russell was not given greater credit by history for his part in the development of the ZION movement (i.e. promoting the return of the Jew to the Holy Land). Of course we all know the Praise and the Glory of it belongs to the LORD. But the book does give him recognition for his efforts. Also, I re­joice with you in the recognition of Brother John J. Hoefle as a loyal and dedicated devotee of Pastor Russell and a valiant champion of his prophetic pronouncements.…. Dear Sister, I am happy for you to have such beautiful memories. And such a great hope that lies before. Thank you again for the books.

"The LORD bless thee, and keep thee: The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee: The LORD lift up his countenance, and give thee peace." (Num. 6:24‑26)

By His Grace, Your brother in Christ, ------- (FLORIDA)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

At our study today a member brought a book by David Horowitz, who is of Jewish descent, on Pastor Charles Russell. I am a Bible Student and believe in Pastor Russell's teaching. If it is possible to get one of these books, I would like to have one. Let me know the cost. Thank you! ------- (MINNEAPOLIS)

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Dear Brethren: Grace and peace through our Beloved Master!

Greetings in our Beloved Savior's Name and in the knowledge of the faith once delivered unto the saints, which will soon be manifested unto all men.

It has come to my knowledge that you have access to a recent publication by David Horowitz regarding Brother Russell and his relationship to the JW's. I am not sure of the title. As you can imagine, I was very excited to hear of this publica­tion and am very anxious to get some copies. I would be most appreciative to get any information you could provide on how I might acquire this book. Thank you for your assistance.

Your brother in Christ, ------- (MINN W OLIS)

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Dear Sir:

Can you please send me about five copies of Pastor Russell, Early Chris­tian Zionist, by David Horowitz? Thank you! ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings!

Received your package of eight volumes of "C. T. Russell." Thank you! Also re­ceived six copies from Ms. Runes. We expect to send some copies to France and to brethren in their country. I believe it will be helpful for our brethren to get Brother Russell's true teaching on the subject of Zionism.

Enclosed is a donation to help you in the work. I pray the Lord's blessing upon you and your activities.

Your brother in Christ, ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in His precious Name!

It was brought to my attention recently, through your paper #366 that David Horowitz has written the book "About Pastor Charles Russell."

We have studied his 6 volumes and have made the Truth our own. Perhaps now some of the lies the JW's are preaching will be corrected.

Yes, please send us a copy of the book. Thank you for the warm Christian love you portray on behalf of the brethren. Yours in His Service, ------- (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Dear Friends in Christ:

Thank you for your kind offer to forward a copy of the book "About Pastor Charles Russell." Our Bible class is very much interested in obtaining it. We will be very happy to reimburse you for your cost and postage. Please tell us what it will be and we will send it to you immediately.

May God bless and keep you. Your fellow servants, Delaware Valley Bible Students (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Dear Sister Emily: Loving greetings in our risen Savior!

Have heard you may still have a supply of the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," by David Horowitz. If so, I am very interested in securing it. I will be most happy to reimburse you for the book, plus other expenses involved.

God bless you for your efforts in His service.

Christian love in Him, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister in Christ:

I would love to have the book "About Pastor Russell," by David Horowitz.

I meet with the Bay City Bible Students, and saw a copy of the book at Sister Ogan's.

Thank you! ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in our Redeemer's Name!

Thank you for the copy of the book, "PASTOR CHARLES TAZE RUSSELL," by David Horowitz, which you sent me. I appreciate it very much, and will enjoy reading it.

In the blessed hope, Dawn Bible Students Association ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Brethren: Shalom!

I am a Christian involved in combating the insidious disease of anti‑Semitism and the new code word for those who choose to hate which is "anti‑Zionism." David Horowitz's book on the life of Pastor Charles Taze Russell was a great personal encour­agement to me. Here was a man who was not really ahead of his time but in step with God's time concerning the need for the Jewish people to have their homeland where they could definitely say, "never again." I'm convinced it was pioneers like Pastor Rus­sell whom God used to plant the seeds for the 1948 rebirth of the Third Jewish Common­wealth. It's also the courage of men like Dr. Russell who inspired others to follow in their steps when the temptation would be to substitute expedience for conviction. I am a better and more effective Christian warrior on behalf of the survival and safety of Israel because of David Horowitz's timely account.

Faithfully, -----– Shalom Ministries (MASSACHUSETTS)

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Dear Ones: Greetings in our Savior's Name!

We've taken note of the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," and wondered if we, too, could have a copy? If no books are left, please let us know the name of the publisher. Thank you! ..….. (DELAWARE)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Warm greetings in the Name of Christ our Passover Lamb!

Thank you for the Epiphany issues regarding Brother Hoefle's ministry. I know it would have been a blessing to meet him in person and discuss the precious Truth.

The United Israel Bulletin is very interesting. I have discussed it and the book on Pastor Russell with a number of the brethren. We find it rather amazing that this information regarding Brother Russell and how the JW's have departed from their his­toric heritage should come from a Jewish source rather than from a Bible Student group.

Would appreciate several more books, if possible, and am enclosing a small contri­bution for postage and mailing. In the hope of the Kingdom, ------- (FLORIDA)

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Dear Brethren:

Please send us a copy of your book, "Pastor Charles Taze Russell, An Early Ameri­can Christian Zionist." We've heard so much about it!

Thank you very much, Brother ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Brethren:

I wish herewith to express my great thanks for the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell," which I received yesterday. I enclose a check covering some of the mail costs.

Your truly brother in Christ, ------- (SWEDEN)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

Your good letter of February 12th and THE DIVINE PLAN OF THE AGES have arrived, and I greatly appreciated hearing from you and receiving this fine book. I am not certain who has received other books that your Association may have sent to Dr. Potts during the interim since he died in 1973. However, I shall be glad to re­ceive any other books in the future.

One word further about Dr. Potts: he had been editor of THE UPPER ROOM for 18 years prior to coming to Lake Junaluska. He indeed was a wonderful person and a true scholar. I have deeply missed him during these years since his death, and I am still hopeful that one day soon I shall have the opportunity to visit Mrs. Potts, as I indi­cated in my letter of February 10th that we still keep in touch by telephone and letters. Again I thank you for your interest.

Sincerely, ------- (NORTH CAROLINA)

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Dear Brethren:

Please send me the book "About Pastor Charles Taze Russell." Please inform the price, etc. I receive your publications.

Sister ------- (MICHIGAN)

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NO. 370: LIFE OF ST. MATTHEW

No. 370

Levi the son of Alphaeus was a tax‑gatherer at Capernaum. (Alphaeus being also the name of the father of James the Apostle, it has been conjectured that James and Matthew were brothers. This is of course possible, but can hardly be called probable.) One day Jesus, coming up from the Lake side, passed near the custom‑house where Levi was seated in Oriental fashion, “and He saith unto him, Follow me, and he arose and followed Him.” (Matt. 9:9) That Jesus ever addressed Levi before, we are not told; but it is reasonable to suppose that he was expecting the summons, that he was already a disciple of Jesus, and prepared as soon as Christ gave the word to leave all for His sake. At any rate, Levi must have heard of the Great Rabbi and of His preaching, and have already resolved to adopt the view of the Kingdom of God which Jesus taught.

When Levi became a follower of Jesus he changed his name from Levi to Matthew (This is indeed an inference, but one which is accepted by the best commentators to harmonize the “Levi” of the second and third Gospels with the “Matthew” of the first Gospel.), which means “the Gift of God,” and is the same as the Greek name Theodore. This practice was not unusual, and may be illustrated by the instances of Saul and of Simon, who also adopted new names in the new life.

The same day Matthew made a feast – perhaps a farewell feast to his old associates – to which he invited Jesus and His disciples. We may conceive what a joyous banquet that was for Matthew, when for the first time as an eye‑witness he marked the words and acts of Jesus, and stored within his memory the scene and the conversation which he was inspired to write according to his clerical ability for the instruction of the Church in all after ages.

After this Matthew is not once named in the Gospel history, except in the list of the Twelve; in the other Gospels he appears seventh on the list, in his own Gospel eighth – the last in the second division. In his own Gospel again – a further mark of humility – he designates himself as “Matthew the publican.” His nearest companion seems to have been Thomas (whose surname Didymus has led to the belief that he was Matthew’s twin brother), and in the same group or division were Philip and Bartholomew. Such are the scanty details which the Gospels record of St. Matthew. Those few notices however suggest some inferences as to the religious position, character and teaching of the Evangelist.

Since Capernaum was in the tetarchy of Herod Antipas, it may be inferred that Levi was an officer in the service of that prince, and not in the service of the Roman government, as is sometimes tacitly assumed. This is not unimportant in estimating the call and conversion of St. Matthew.

A Hebrew who entirely acquiesced in the Roman supremacy could hardly have done so at this period without abandoning the national hopes. Jesus alone knew the secret of reconciling the highest aspirations of the Jewish race with submission to Caesar. But to acknowledge the Herodian dynasty was a different thing from bowing to Rome. Herod was at least not a foreigner and a Gentile in the same sense as the Romans. Idumea had coalesced with Israel. It is therefore conceivable that a Jew who was waiting for the Messiah’s reign may in very despair have learned to look for the fulfillment of his hopes in the Herodian family. If it was impossible to connect Messianic thoughts with an Antipas, or even with the more reputable Philip, still might not a prince thereafter spring from that house to restore the kingdom to Israel? Might not God in His providence fuse by some means the house and lineage of Herod with the house and lineage of David? It was not impossible, and probably the tyrannical Antipas owed the stability of his throne in some measure to a party among the Jews who cherished these ideas.

No one can read St. Matthew’s Gospel without perceiving that he was no Hellenist, but a Hebrew of the Hebrews, deeply learned in the history and prophecies of his race, and eagerly looking forward to their realization; but he had been content to find, or at least to expect that realization in the family of Herod. These views were suited to his nature in two ways. For we may infer first that he was influenced by what is almost an inherent passion in his race – the love of gain (had it not been so he would never have chosen a career which at its best was despised and odious); secondly, that he loved a life of contemplation and quiet, and was well pleased to separate himself from the fiery enthusiasm and headstrong schemes of the Galileans who surrounded him. Such may have been the hopes to which Levi clung. But when the plan and teaching of Jesus were unfolded to his mind stored with national memories, he instantly recognized the truth and beauty and completeness of that ideal, and gave himself up heart and soul to the cause of the Son of David. For that cause and for the Kingdom of God he resigned all his hopes of advancement in Herod’s kingdom, his lucrative calling and the friends he had made.

It may be that Matthew’s wealth was not in an absolute sense great, but it was great for this little Galilean town. It was great to him. And if like St. Paul he had left a record of his personal religious feelings, he might have related how he counted up all the several items of gain, and found the sum total loss compared with the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus. (Phil. 3:7,8)

If we may Judge from the silence of the Gospels, the position which Matthew held among his fellow‑disciples was a humble one. He was not among the chosen three. No incident connects itself with his name, as with the names of Andrew and Simon, of Philip, of Thomas, or of Bartholomew, of Judas [the brother] of James, of the sons of Zebedee. No one word of his to Christ is recorded. Even when he was called he rose and followed in silence.

We may picture Matthew to ourselves as a silent, unobtrusive, contemplative man, “swift to hear and slow to speak,” unobservant of the minutiae of outward action but with a mind teeming with the associations of his nation and deeply conscious of the momentous drama which was being enacted before him, of which he felt himself called upon to be the chronicler and interpreter to his own people.

No special mention is made of St. Matthew in the Acts of the Apostles, or in the Epistles, but some light is thrown upon his after life by fragmentary notices of early Christian writers.

We gather that he remained in Palestine longer than the rest of the Apostles, and that he made his fellow‑countrymen familiar with the words and works of Jesus. More will be said below as to the nature and special scope of his teaching; but an interesting point of Christian history, and one that bears upon St. Matthew’s character, recorded by Eusebius, may be mentioned here. St. Matthew, says the historian, being about to depart for distant lands to preach to others also, left as a memorial to his Palestinian converts the story of the New Covenant committed to writing in their own tongue, the Aramaic or Hebrew dialect which they used. This parting gift of the Evangelist was the origin of the written Gospels.

Later authorities have named Ethiopia, Parthia, Egypt and Macedonia, as fields of his missionary work. Clement of Alexandria states that Matthew devoted himself to a strictly ascetic life, abstaining from the use of animal food.

By the most ancient testimony the death of this apostle is attributed to natural causes. The traditions of the Greek Church and the pictures of the Greek artists represent him dying peacefully. But the Western Church has placed Matthew on the list of martyrs, and in the works of Italian painters he is portrayed perishing by the executioner’s sword. It is characteristic of this silent, unmarked life, in which the personality of the Evangelist is lost in the voice of the message which he was inspired to utter, that Matthew’s name has been less prominent in the Churches and nations of Christendom than others of his co‑apostles, or even than many saints, whose services to the Church of Christ have been infinitely less. None of the great Churches of Christendom have been called by his name, no guild or fraternity, no college in our great Universities, no state or nation, has chosen him for a patron. Scarcely one famous picture has taught the lesson of his call. The personal memory, like the personal life of St. Matthew, withdraws itself from the observation of men.

AUTHORSHIP, ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOSPEL

1. The authorship of the first gospel has been ascribed by an unbroken tradition to the Apostle Matthew.

2. The date is uncertain. Irenaeus however states that St. Matthew wrote his gospel when the Church of Rome was founded: and the fact that it was published first of the written Gospels rests upon early and uncontradicted testimony. The date of publication then should probably be fixed not many years after the Ascension.

3. St. Matthew’s Gospel was primarily intended for the use of the Jewish converts in Palestine. It is this fact that gives its special character to this Gospel. No other of the evangelists has so completely developed the idea that in Christ the nation lived again, that towards Christ all prophecy moved, that in Him all national aspirations were centered and satisfied. No other inspired writer has pictured so vividly the critical interest of the Messianic days as the meeting point of the world’s past and future.

According to St. Matthew Jesus is from first to last Christ the King, the King of whom all the prophets spoke in the past, but He is also the one figure round whom the historical interest of the future was destined to gather. Hence the twofold aspect of this Gospel, on the one hand it is the most national and the most retrospective of the Gospels; on the other it is the most universal and the most prophetic; in one sense St. Matthew is more gentile than St. Luke, in another he is truly a Hebrew of Hebrews.

The very depth of St. Matthew’s patriotism impels him to glory in the universality of the Messianic reign. The Kingdom of God must over‑pass the limits of the Chosen race. Hence it is no matter of surprise that the Hebrew historian should alone commemorate the coming of the Magi and the refuge in Egypt, and that he and not St. Luke should tell the story of the Canaanitish woman.

The following points confirm the received account of the origin of this Gospel and indicate its special reference to the Jews:

(1) The numerous quotations from prophecy.

(2) The appeals to history as fulfilled in Christ.

(3) The rare explanation of Jewish words and customs.

(4) The strong and special denunciation of the Jews and of their rulers.

(5) The special reference to the Law in the Sermon on the Mount

(6) The Genealogy traced from Abraham and David.

(7) The Mission of the Seventy omitted.

(8) The absence of Latin words, with very few exceptions.

(9) The prominence given to the Jewish thought of a Kingdom of Heaven; (a) in the general scope of the Gospel; (b) in the parables; (c) in the account of the Passion.

4. The question of style cannot be fully or satisfactorily discussed without a direct appeal to the original, but it may be observed that St. Matthew’s manner is less vivid and picturesque than St. Mark’s, more even and unvaried than St. Luke’s, whose diction is greatly influenced by the various sources whence he derived the details which he incorporates into his Gospel. Consequently no passages in St. Matthew’s Gospel recall the classical ring like the introduction of St. Luke’s Gospel; on the other hand the Hebrew idiom never so manifestly shows itself in the first Gospel as in the opening chapters of the third.

St. Matthew was an eyewitness of the events which he chronicles, yet it is often remarked that his descriptions are less graphic and full of detail than those of St. Mark, who wrote what he had heard from the lips of others. This need not be a matter of surprise. It is indeed a phenomenon that meets us every day. It is not the contemporary and the eyewitness, but the historian of a succeeding age who takes the keenest interest in minute detail and records with faithful accuracy the less prominent circumstances of a great event. It is the Herodotus or the Macaulay – the historian, the ‘questioner’ – who gathers from every source materials for a minute and brilliant picture, rather than the actual spectator who is often too deeply absorbed by the one point of supreme interest in a scene to notice the looks and acts of other bystanders, or so impressed by the speaker’s glowing thoughts, as to deem them alone worthy of record.

But though St. Mark enables us to realize more exactly the external accessories of the various incidents, St. Matthew has treasured up for the Church more fully than the other synoptists the words and discourses of Jesus; such especially as present Him in the character of the Great Prophet, who, like the prophets of old time, denounces national sins and predicts the future of the nation and the Church. Instances of this characteristic are the full report of the Sermons on the Mount (chs. 5, 6, 7), the charge to the Apostles ch. 10; the great series of prophetic parables in ch. 13 peculiar to this gospel; the denunciation of the Scribes and Pharisees in ch. 23, the parables of the Passion ch. 25, the prediction of the fall of Jerusalem, and of the Second Advent chs. 24 and 25.

5. The ablest critics are agreed that St. Matthew does not observe the chronological order of events. By the arrangement followed by this Evangelist, as may be seen by the accompanying analysis of the Gospel, special incidents and sayings are so grouped together as to illustrate the different aspects of our Lord’s life and teaching.

6. The most interesting literary question in connection with this Gospel concerns the language in which it was written. Is the Hellenistic Greek version which we possess, (1) the original Gospel, or (2) a translation from a Hebrew or Aramaic original; further, if a translation, by whom was the translation made, by (a) St. Matthew himself, or (b) by some others?

Apart from the antecedent probability of Hebrew Gospel – a version of the New Covenant to correspond with the Hebrew of the Old Covenant, and to meet the requirements of those Jews who gloried in their knowledge of the Hebrew tongue, and their adhesion to Hebrew customs, who would listen more gladly to the Gospel if it were preached to them in the language of their fathers – direct testimony to the existence of an Aramaic original of St. Matthew’s Gospel is borne by a succession of the earliest Christian writers.

(1) Papias in the beginning of the second century writes: “Matthew arranged the ‘oracles’ (or sayings of Christ) in the Hebrew language.”

(2) Irenaeus says “Matthew among the Hebrews brought out a writing of the Gospel in their own tongue.”

(3) Pantaenus, according to Eusebius (H.E. v.10), is said to have gone to preach to the Indians and to have found among them a copy of the Hebrew Gospel according to St. Matthew which had been left by the Apostle Bartholomew.

(4) In later times evidence for the belief in a Hebrew original is drawn from the writings of Origen, Eusebius, Jerome, and many others.

Against this testimony in favour of a Hebrew original, arguments tending to an opposite conclusion are grounded on (1) the disappearance of the Hebrew Gospel: (2) the authority which the existing version has always had in the Church: (3) the similarity of expression to certain portions of the other Gospels: (4) the apparent originality of style.

(1) That no copy of the Hebrew Gospel is extant need not excite surprise. With the destruction of Jerusalem the Hebrew speaking Christians would be for the most part scattered far and wide over the limits of the Roman Empire. Necessity would impel them to become familiar with the Greek tongue. Their Jewish compatriots in foreign countries would be acquainted with no other. Everywhere the credit of the Greek version of St. Matthew’s Gospel would be fully established; to that version the original Hebrew edition would soon give place. It seems probable too that copies of this Gospel were purposely altered and mutilated to serve the ends of heretical sects, and thus the genuine Hebrew text would become more and more difficult to obtain, and finally would be discredited and lost to the Church. The preface of St. Luke’s Gospel suggests the thought that many more or less complete “Gospels” once extant have disappeared. Moreover, most critics are agreed that the existing Epistles of St. Paul do not comprise the whole number which he wrote to the Churches.

The points raised in the second (2) and third (3) arguments are considered below.

(4) The question of originality cannot be decisively settled by an appeal to the style of the Greek Gospel. There are, however, certainly some characteristics in St. Matthew’s Gospel that seem to indicate a translation. The style is uniform, almost monotonous. Hebraisms are regularly and evenly distributed, not as in St. Luke, prominent in some parts and altogether absent in others. The actual Hebrew words are few. This is what we should expect in a translation, but not in an original Gospel addressed principally to Jewish converts. St. Matthew’s Gospel deals with quotations from the Old Testament in a two‑fold manner. When the narrative is closely parallel with the other Synoptic Gospels, the quotations are also parallel following generally the text of the LXX., but presenting the same variations from that text which appear in the other Synoptic Gospels. But in those portions of this Gospel which are independent of the others, the quotations approach more nearly to the Hebrew text. This phenomenon must be taken into account in drawing any conclusion as to the existence of the Aramaic original.

The following theory is advanced as a natural way of explaining the facts. It can hardly be doubted that St. Matthew in the first instance composed a Gospel for the use of the Palestinian Jews. But on the disruption of the Jewish polity Aramaic would cease to be intelligible to many, and the demand would come for a Greek version of the Gospel according to St. Matthew. How would this demand be met? Either Matthew himself, or else some faithful scribe, would use the Hebrew Gospel as the basis of a Greek version. Many of the familiar parables and sayings of Jesus, which were orally afloat in all the Churches, he would (for the sake of old association) incorporate with little alteration, but he would preserve throughout the plan of the original, and, in passages where the special teaching of this Gospel came in, the version would be a close rendering of the Aramaic. This theory explains the verbal coincidence of some parts of St. Matthew’s Gospel with the parallel Synoptic passages, and accounts for the facts in regard to the quotations stated above.

Such a version, especially if made by St. Matthew himself, would indeed be rather an original work than a translation, and would speedily in either case acquire the authority of the original Aramaic. Accordingly we find that even those writers who speak of the Hebrew Gospel themselves quote from the Greek version as authoritative.

EXTERNAL HISTORY DURING THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST

1. Summary

   BC3 – Octavianus Augustus had been sole ruler of the Roman Empire from BC30. Twice during that period the temple of Janus had been closed in sign of peace.

   BC1 – Death of Herod. Rising of the Jews against the Procurator Sabinus. Repression of the revolt by Varus: 2000 Jews crucified.

  AD6 – Resistance to the Census of Quirinus by Judas the Gaulonite and his Galilaean followers.

       7 Banishment of Archelaus.

 1‑12 Campaigns against the Germans, Pannonians, and Dalmatians, conducted by Tiberuis and Germanicus. The disastrous defeat of Varus in Germany. Final success and triumph of the Roman Generals.

     14 Death of Augustus and succession of Tiberius.

15‑17 Germanicus continues the war against the Germans, and triumphs.

      18 Death of Ovid and Livy.19

      19 Death of Germanicus. Jews banished from Italy.

 20‑31 Hateful tyranny of Tiberuis. Ascendancy of Sejanus. Fall of Sejanus AD 30.

       26 Pontius Pilate appointed as the sixth Procurator of Judaea.

2. The Imperial Rule

It will be seen from this summary, that while Jesus was passing a quiet childhood in the Galilaean valley, few startling events disturbed the peace of the world. But it was an epoch of the greatest historical interest. It was a crisis in the kingdoms of the world as well as in the Kingdom of God. Rome had completed her conquests – no formidable rival was left to threaten her power in any direction. But the moment when the Roman people secured the empire of the world, they resigned their own liberties into the hands of a single master.

Caesar Octavianus, afterwards named Augustus, the successor of the great Julius Caesar, was the first to consolidate this enormous individual power; it was he who bequeathed to the world the proudest titles of despotic rule – Emperor – Kaiser Czar. With him the true nature of the monarchy was veiled over by the retention of Republican forms, and by a nominal re‑election at intervals. The justice and clemency of his rule kept out of sight the worst abuses of unlimited power. And partly owing to the fact that the most brilliant age of Roman literature coincided with the reign of Augustus, his name is associated rather with literary culture and refinement, than with despotic sway.

When Jesus grew up to manhood, the grace and culture and the semblance of liberty which had gilded the despotism of Augustus vanished under the dark influence of the morose and cruel Tiberius. If ever men suffered from hopeless tyranny and wrong, it was in this reign. It is a miserable history of lives surrounded by suspicion and fear, and of the best and purest citizens yielding to despair or removed by secret assassination.

It can perhaps be scarcely a matter of surprise, that a Jewish patriot, alive to the horrors of this despotism and recalling the prophetic images of a triumphant Messiah, should sometimes have dreamed that the Kingdom of God would be manifested by the overthrow of this monstrous evil, and in turn establish itself as an external power stronger and more resistless than Rome. It is this thought that gives point to the third temptation presented to our Lord. (Matt. 4: 8,9)

3. The Provincial System

A glance at the Provincial system of Rome with especial reference to Palestine will show how truly, in an external sense, Christ came in the fullness of time.

Under the Empire the condition of the provinces was happier than formerly. The rapacity of individual governors was checked by the imperial supervision. Moreover, great consideration was in many cases shown to a conquered people. National customs were allowed to continue; even native princes were in several instances confirmed in their rule on condition of becoming tributary to Rome.

In accordance with this principle, the Herodian dynasty was tolerated in Palestine. Observe how the changes in that dynasty affected the life of Christ. When Jesus was born, Herod was reigning in Jerusalem; hence the events that led to the flight into Egypt. On the return of Jesus with Mary and Joseph, the kingdom was divided; hence the possibility of taking refuge from the cruelty of an Archelaus under the more tolerant Antipas in the home at Nazareth. The banishment of Archelaus a few years afterwards brought about the establishment in Judaea of the Roman government, which with its accustomed liberality left the national system represented by the Sanhedrin, not wholly unimpaired, indeed, but still influential.

Important consequences followed this precise political position. The Jewish nation was still responsible. It was Israel and not Rome that rejected the Messiah Israel that condemned to death the Lord of Life. But it was Rome that executed the will of the Jewish people. Jesus suffered, by the law of Rome, death on the Roman cross, with all its significance, its agreement with prophecy, and its divine fitness. The point to be observed is that under no other political conditions could this event have taken place in that precise manner, which was wholly in accordance with the Scriptures that foretell the Messiah.

4. A Time of Peace

The lull of peace that pervaded the Roman world, was another element in the external preparation for the advent of Christ. In the generation which preceded and in that which followed the life of Christ on earth, Palestine, and indeed the whole empire, was disquieted by the greatest political confusion. In the generation before the Christian Era, Anthony and Augustus were contending for the mastery of the world, and a disputed succession disturbed the peace of Palestine. The succeeding generation was filled with the horrors of the Jewish war, of which Galilee was the focus, and which culminated in the fall of Jerusalem. It is clear that the conditions of Christ’s ministry could not have been fulfilled in either of these conjunctures.

5. The Various Nationalities in Palestine

A further point of interest at the particular period when Jesus lived on earth, is the variety of nationalities which the special circumstances of the time brought together in Palestine.

A political epoch that found a Roman governor in the south (where the native ecclesiastical rule still prevailed), Idumean kings in the north and east, wild mountain and desert tribes pressing on the frontiers in one direction, peaceful Phoenicians in another, involved a mixture and gathering of populations which made Palestine an epitome of the whole world. The variety of life and thought, which must have resulted from these different social elements, is one of those external circumstances which have rendered the Gospel so fit to instruct every age and every condition of men.

6. The Religious Condition of the Empire

The wider and more interesting question of the religious state of the world at this epoch, cannot be fully discussed here. In Greece and in Rome, the most civilized portions of the earth, Religion allowed, or at least was ineffectual to prevent, a state of morality which St. Paul describes with terrible plainness in the first chapter of his Epistle to the Romans. Gross immorality entered even into the ritual of worship; Religion raised no voice against the butchery of gladiatorial shows, or against infanticide, or slavery, or suicide, or even against the horrors of human sacrifice.

Little real belief in the gods and goddesses remained; and though ancient superstitions still lingered among the vulgar, the interested motives on the part of priests and communities kept alive the cult of special deities, and supported shrines and temples in various parts of the world, and though, credulity gaining ground as true religious feeling passed away, the mysterious rites of Egypt and the East, the worship of Isis and of Mithras flourished at Rome in spite of repressive edicts ‑ all this was external and unreal, a thin cover for deep‑seated and wide‑spread skepticism.

Philosophy did but little to fill the void. Stoicism, the favorite creed with the practical Roman, though apparently nearest to Christianity in some respects, was deeply opposed to the Christian spirit by its pride, its self‑sufficiency, its exclusiveness, its exaltation of human nature, its lack of love, its approval of suicide. Epicurism had degenerated from a high ideal to a mere pursuit of sensual pleasure.

It was in the midst of a world thus corrupt to the core, that the beautiful and novel conception rose of a religion, which recognizing no limits of race or language, should without distinction draw all men to itself by its appeal to the sin‑stricken conscience, and by the satisfaction it brought to the deepest needs of humanity.

(Written by A. Carr, M.A., an imminent Bible scholar of England)

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Friends: Sincere Christian greetings!

Please continue to send the newsletter as it certainly provides food for our souls. God bless all of you as you continue your work for the Lord at the Bible House. Please tell me how I can get a copy of the book, “Pastor Charles Taze Russell” by David Horowitz.    Sincerely, ------- (PENNSYLVANIA)

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Greetings in Christ our Lord – Peace be with you!

I’ve been receiving the newsletter for almost two years now. I’ve enjoyed them immensely. I attend the Oakland County Bible Students Ecclesia. What I’ve noticed in your newsletter was the book on “Pastor C. T. Russell.” I’d like to pay for it, but since you don’t give the cost, I’m sending you $-- and the cost for postage $-- , plus a small donation. Please use it in your efforts.

Your sister in Christ, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Greetings in Jesus’ precious Name!

Thank you so kindly for sending us the book about Pastor Russell. I intended to send for it, but you have beat me to it. Thanks ever so much. We are enjoying the book. Would it be possible to let me have one more book. A Jehovah’s Witness asked me to get him one. She wants to pass it to some of her friends. We would appreciate it. Thank you!

I am enclosing a check. Please be free to use it as you may. Thank you very much for the literature we receive from you so often. We enjoy the spiritual food, then we pass it to others. Christian love, ------- (CANADA)

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Dear Brethren: Greetings of love in the Name of our Precious Redeemer!

Many thanks for your article No. 366. Here you mention that you have a book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” We wish to receive a copy if there is more available. Sincerely, ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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ANNOUNCEMENT

We have requested the publisher to give a discount on bulk orders for the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” She has agreed to give 20% discount on orders from 10 to 25; on 26 to 40, 25% discount; from 41 to 50, 33% discount. The publisher mentioned there should be a note “Department EH” on such orders.

NO. 369: IN THY NAME PERFORMED MANY WONDERS

No. 369

“Not every one who says to me, Master, Master, will enter into the kingdom of the Heavens; but he who performs the will of that Father of mine. Many will say to Me in that day, have we not taught in thy name?: and in Thy name expelled demons? and in Thy name performed many wonders? And then I will plainly, declare to them, I never approved of you.” (Matt. 7:21‑23,Dia.) Inasmuch as the Lord says “many” would be guilty of these defects, it would seem we should have little difficulty in locating them; but it has been well stated that all systems of error have some truth, some good in them; otherwise, they would fool no one. Some of the worst systems of error require their adherents to live exemplary lives in some respects – no tobacco, no alcohol, some even forbidding condiments, such as salt, pepper, and the like. Outwardly, many such would be considered as “examples of the believers” by the multitude not skilled in discerning spiritual things; and St. Paul stresses this point in Rom. 2:28, 29, Dia.: “Not that which is external (outwardly) makes the Jew, nor that which is external in the flesh circumcision (the mere physical performance of circumcision counts for nothing); but the Jew is hidden within, even circumcision of the heart – spiritual, not literal; whose praise comes not from men, but from God.” Clearly enough, “Man looketh on the outward appearance,” but this avails nothing. “The Lord looketh on the heart”; thus, to his own Lord each man will stand or fall.

Inasmuch as “many” will be clamoring for recognition in “that day when I make up My Jewels,” we may logically conclude that there would be varying degrees of guilt in those who receive the answer, “I never approved of you.” Therefore, we shall consider here only those who have been more prominent in misleading “the unstable and the unlearned”; and these are clearly set forth in the type of Balaam, whose record is to be found in Numbers 22, 23, and 24. He is mentioned three times in the New Testament 2 Peter 2:15, Jude 11, and Rev. 2:14; and the Berean Comments on these verses say he is a type of those who teach error for profit. The Apostle Peter says such are guilty of “alluring unstable souls...having forsaken the right path, they wandered; having followed the way of Balaam... they loved the reward of unrighteousness.” In Revelation they are mentioned for the first time in connection with the Pergamos Church – the third epoch of the Gospel‑Age Church – where it says of them, “Thou hast there those holding the teaching of Balaam... and in like manner those holding the teachings of the Nicolaitines” (power “graspers in the Church).

It is well to emphasize here that the Pergamos period of the Church was the one in which the Roman Catholic and the Greek Catholic Churches began to rise to influence and to grasp for power, influence and wealth in the earth. It had its beginning about 313 AD, when Constantine gave his approval to the Bishop of Rome as the outstanding authority in the Christian Church. When he assembled the Council of Nice in 325 AD to establish the doctrine of the Trinity, almost the entire assembly of Bishops from all parts of the realm gave sanction to the teaching – the only exceptions being Arius (then about 75 years old) and two other bishops. These three were banished from the Roman Empire. The comment on the Pergamos Church is “where Satan’s seat is... where Satan Dwelleth.” This is indeed fitting description of the Roman Hierarchy, which during that era began “to hold the teaching of Balaam.”

However, it is not our wish to offer profuse detail on Dark‑Age happenings, or of early American history. Rather, we shall concentrate upon present‑day conditions, since the members of antitypical Balaam are so much in evidence on radio and television and in the printing press. Occasionally we give ear to some of them, because their very errors and tactics give much food for thought. Solomon was well alerted to such in his day; and he offers sound description of them in Prov. 6:12, 13 (Rotherham): “An Abandoned man, a man of iniquity is he who Winketh with his eyes, speaketh with his foot, pointeth with his fingers.” Here is a terse description of an actor; and, when we see any one resorting to the antics of an actor in the Church, we may be certain he is a phony – a member of antitypical Balaam. The true teachers in the Church all during the Age have never found it expedient to resort to the actor’s technique. St. Paul offers sound counsel: “Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt.” (Col. 4:6) In view of the numerous warnings of Jesus to “be not as the actors,” we may be certain He resorted to none of it in His sermons. On the contrary, “All bare Him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of His mouth.” (Luke 4:22)

When That Servant died in 1916 there shortly arose numerous divisions among those who had been his enthusiastic followers; and the evidence is clear enough that many of them followed “the teaching of Balaam,” so we now offer some interesting facts about some of them.

JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES

In less than a year after That Servant’s demise J. F. Rutherford had firmly established himself in power as President of the organization. Then the adherents were known as the International Bible Students Ass’n; the name Jehovah’s Witnesses was not adopted until about 1931. But the Judge began immediately to modernize operations; he would put some ‘zip’ into the organization. This had its first real pronounced impetus at the Cedar Point Convention at Sandusky, Ohio, in September 1919 – a few months after JFR and his seven associates had been released from Atlanta penitentiary, which had been their home for about a year due to their unwarranted criticism of the United States’ efforts in the Great War. At that Convention he stressed the importance of service – let each Class appoint a Service Director, and prepare for the big drive. He then persuaded certain salesmen in the group to go from city to city to instruct the brethren in high‑class sales methods; service was emphasized above all else. Even the development of good character was relegated to limbo. “You do not develop a character; you are a character,” said he. Thus, the exalted standards of the High Calling, which had prevailed under That Servant, were soon sullied and passe. Tobacco, alcohol and other vices quickly became acceptable – although it should be stated, in fairness, that after his death in 1942, reforms were instituted by the Present Management.

Altho That Servant had advocated service as a necessary way of the Christian life, his was a gracious persuasion, and not high‑pressured commercial technique. At his death there was estimated to be about 40,000 readers of the semi‑monthly Watch Tower, making for publication of about 75,000 of the magazines each month. The present average monthly publication of the paper is 15,600,000 – a lusty 2,000 per cent increase as a result of the ‘improved’ methods instituted by The Judge. By present‑day commercial standards that would be rated an outstanding success. At five cents each, that means a monthly return of $780,000 – or $9,360,000 per year. Thus, it is easily discerned that the operation may be reckoned as ‘big business.’ Now, the principal cost of the magazine is the paper and ink – no advertising, no sales expense, no taxes of any kind – so a little calculation will readily reveal a handsome profit, what with the labor production cost being a very minimum – no unions, no strikes for ‘higher wages,’ no competition. Perhaps we should exercise charity and not unequivocally quote the text, “Thou hast there those holding the teaching of Balaam” (type of those that teach error for profit); but, whether or not we correctly evaluate the ‘profit’ motive, we do unequivocally attest to the error they have produced, and the autocratic methods which have prevailed in their undertaking since 1916. While it was true that That Servant had absolute control over every feature of the work while he was there – the whole thing belonged to him – yet he used, but never abused that power. But to guard against another individual gaining the same supremacy, he stated in his will that seven brethren should form the editorial committee of the Watch Tower; but that mandate was short‑lived – the Judge quickly saw to that. He would tolerate no restraint from any one; he would be master of all he surveyed. But in America such high‑handed dictatorship is not lightly taken; and just recently there has come to us an article published in February 1972, about one result of such management:

“THE LEGAL CASE AGAINST THE WATCH TOWER EXPOSED BY A FORMER ‘INSIDER’”

“Briefly stated, ……. was Legal Counsel for the Watchtower organization at the Brooklyn headquarters from 1935 to 1939. On July 21, 1939 he submitted a letter of resignation in protest against a number of internal organizational matters, chiefly discrimination and ill treatment of headquarters personnel. But the resignation was actually transformed into a summary discharge on a 12‑hour notice.

“Because of the material published in the Watchtower magazines of October 15 and November 15, 1939, ……. brought suit to recover $100,000 damages. A jury, on May 27, 1943, awarded $30,000, which was reduced to $15,000 and costs, on appeal. The Watchtower paid up. (This last statement is made because there have been subsequent distortions by some members of that organization.)

“The events surrounding the trial and the testimony brought out during it provide a wealth of information as to what the so‑called ‘Theocracy’ of the Watchtower is, in fact. For one thing it is guilty of the same sins it so zealously accuses other religious organizations of committing and omitting. although it appropriates to itself the terms ‘Theocracy’ and ‘God’s organization,’ it is an organization of mere men with capacities for evil and good. ‘Judge’ Rutherford was every bit a Hitler or a Catholic Pope, two of his pet symbols of evil. He could have said ‘The Theocracy’ as easily as Louis XIV.

“The testimony at the trial revealed that the headquarters staff had to be ever mindful of the possible consequences of chance remarks or off‑the‑cuff opinions. Who was friend and who was foe was an important factor in personal relationships at ‘Bethel,’ the name given the dormitory at 124 Columbia Heights, and the factory at 117 Adams Street, both in Brooklyn, N.Y. It was also abundantly clear in the testimony in ...... vs. Franz that a very real ‘thought control’ extended to the membership as a whole, and that means world‑wide. .…… had encountered the facts of that control when he attempted to re‑establish his life and business in his home state of Wisconsin after leaving Bethel, July of 1939. It confirmed his resolve to bring suit, and the jury, hearing and seeing the indoctrinated witnesses at the trial, also concluded there was a certain concerted plan to blacken the name of .......

“The trial lasted about three weeks and the printed record of it runs to almost 2,000 pages in three volumes.

“Many readers are aware of the changes in the Watchtower after its founder, ‘Pastor’ Charles T. Russell died and ‘Judge’ Joseph F. Rutherford became the boss. The trial testimony admits enough facts to indicate that all was not exactly ‘Godlike’ or ‘Theocratic,’ or even democratic, in the methods Rutherford used to secure his position. We learn that Rutherford first became affiliated and active with the Watchtower movement about 1909. By 1915 Rutherford, having been a member of the Board of Directors, withdrew from active service and the Society loaned him $1,000 to go out and set up a business in Los Angeles. (Altho not clear in the trial testimony, several individuals have told me that Russell paid the money to get Rutherford away from headquarters because he was a dangerous man.) As soon as Russell died in October of 1916 Rutherford took a lively interest in Watchtower affairs, became a candidate for the presidency and was elected in 1917.

“Altho Pastor Russell in his will had ordered that the Board of Directors should control the organization, and not one man, Rutherford immediately violated this by preparing and having a bylaw enacted which gave him complete authority in organization affairs. It was the first bylaw change ever made and it created considerable turmoil. There was a demand for an investigation and an attempt to rescind it. Rutherford was successful in ejecting all dissenting directors from Bethel and solidifying his position in the organization. The new bylaws and Charter of the Society ensured lifetime tenure for Rutherford and the “faithful” directors and became in effect a self‑perpetuating body.

“The plaintiff was aware of some dissension at Bethel in 1917, but cast his lot with the dominant group. His religious inclinations made him quite susceptible to the subtle thought control coming from Bethel in Brooklyn, until in 1935 he joyously accepted the call to serve ‘God’s Organization’ in his chosen profession as a lawyer. Disillusionment started soon after his residence at Bethel, but he was not one to act in haste. The opening salvo of battle was fired in October of 1940 with the service of a summons upon Rutherford and the Society. Rutherford died in January 8, 1942; and I believe ------- was disappointed at the loss of an opportunity for a confrontation with the pseudo‑messiah.

“Rutherford was a pseudo judge also. The testimony of the trial explains that although never elected or appointed to office as a Judge, he was advertised as such, because some time before 1917, while in a court at Booneville, Mo., the lawyers present elected him as a temporary judge for a period of but four days.

“Subsequent to the successful end of ------- personal Armageddon, additional evidence continued to come in about the evil and vindictive use of the power Rutherford enjoyed as the head of a body of devoted, but deluded martyrs (witnesses) of the ‘Theocracy.’ Not all were deluded, however. The top echelons of the organization were (and probably are today) aware of the absence of divinity and the presence of base humanity in the Watchtower theocracy.”

The general gist of much of the foregoing was quite familiar to us before the paper came to us. We learned from personal experience with Rutherford in the early twenties just what manner of person he was; and that persuaded us then to sever all relations with him and the Watchtower organization – for which we breathe a prayer of thanks at every remembrance of our good fortune. However, as stated aforegoing, we are content to treat lightly the financial complex of the Watchtower’s activities, and apply ourselves to some of their errors of teaching. The complexion of many of their teachings has changed with the rapidity of a chameleon changing color. It has been stressed by some of their top officials that “we do not believe this year what we believed last year; and we probably won’t believe next year what we are believing this year.” Thus, it seems unbelievable that educated men in America could be hoodwinked by such ‘sleight of hand’; and we are strongly reminded of the Scripture, “Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.” (Gen. 49:4) Eventually, the axiom must prevail, “Be sure your sin will find you out.” Without attempting exhaustive analysis of their devious system of error, we shall confine this presentation to a perusal of their attitude past and present, toward

THE JEWS: – Going back to 1910, Pastor Russell was then in absolute control of the Watch Tower as owner, editor and publisher. Having a very clear understanding of Jewish hopes and prospects as they are revealed in the Old Testament, he arranged for a special meeting in the Hippodrome Theatre in New York City to explain his understanding of those prophecies; and the theatre was filled with Jews, many of them of high rank in American Society. So well were they persuaded that for many years after 1910 many Jews fondly referred to him as their Pastor.

However, after four years of devastating war from 1914 to 1918, the Gentile nations were so weakened that disaster was apparent on all hands. Whether the somber outlook was the motivating force, we cannot now know, but Great Britain asked for the Mandatory over Palestine, which was granted by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922, the same being known as The Balfour Declaration. But a slight detail should be mentioned here that is not in many of the records. Lord Curzon was then the British representative to the League, and he was very much against the Jews rebuilding Palestine. Thus, the outlook was dark indeed that the resolution before the League would receive favorable action. However, just before the matter was to appear for discussion Lord Curzon became ill, and England then appointed Lord Balfour to take his place. He was fully in favor of confirmation; and his appointment caused many Jews enthusiastically to declare, “It is a miracle from God.”

But the real miracle there was the Mandate itself, which came as a free gift to the Jews with little or no help from the Jews themselves. To those familiar with the history of Zionism this was indeed a miracle. After the dispersion in 70 AD by the Romans, the Jews tried every device known to man to regain their beloved homeland. They tried to buy it from the Turks; they tried to take it by force of arms; they tried to secure it through diplomatic channels – all of which met a blank wall at every effort. The “due time” had not yet come for them to rebuild the country; but, when the “due time” did arrive, God then gave it to them as a gift, which left no cause whatever for them to boast about what they had done, because they had not done anything. The United States, Great Britain, and other Gentile Governments combined to do for them what inspired prophecy had said would be done when the “due time’ arrived.

There is another incident worthy of record here: In 1917 British General Allenby had charge of the army that was beseiging Jerusalem; and he was well informed that his strength was amply sufficient to capture the city. But, knowing the reverent regard for the City by Christian and Jew alike, he did not want his cannons to devastate the many places there that held such appealing historical background. Therefore, he assembled his entire air strength, and ordered them to fly over the City in the hope the Turks would be intimidated to surrender. Which is exactly what they did – without a battle – and the City was saved. It is our opinion that the prophecy in Isa. 31:4, 5 was that day fulfilled, which we now quote from the Rotherham translation: “Yaveh of hosts will come down to make war over Mount Zion, and over the hill thereof. As little mother birds hovering so will Yaveh of hosts throw a covering over Jerusalem, – Covering so will He rescue, Passing over so will He deliver.” Certainly, it requires no stretch of our imagination to conclude that this prophecy, “as birds flying,” was fulfilled that day in 1917.

“COMFORT FOR THE JEWS” – When J. F. Rutherford seized control of the Watchtower in 1917, the tree was still green; and many of the superior interpretations of Scripture that had emanated from the mind of Pastor Russell were still zealously accepted by “The Judge” and those that supported him. This was true of the Jewish question, too; and this prompted him in 1925 to publish “Comfort For The Jews,” a book of 127 pages designed especially to accomplish the “comfort” that the caption indicates. In the Foreword there are these lines: “This volume will be of profound interest to Jews and Gentiles alike. It is the first unbiased presentation of the subject from the Scriptural viewpoint published.”

The following brief, but disconnected quotations from that book will leave no doubt in the minds of our readers that the “Judge” then cherished warm friendship for the Jewish people and their place in prophecy. Here is the opening statement:

“Are the Jews the rightful owners and justly entitled to the full and uninterrupted possession of the land of Palestine? Will the Jews be restored to the possession of the land of Palestine, build there their permanent home and establish a government which shall beneficially affect other peoples of the earth? (p.5)... The question then arises, Who is a Jew? (p. 6) A Jew is one who is the natural descendant of Jacob (Israel) and who has faith in the words uttered by Jacob concerning Judah. Such a one will have faith in all the promises which God has made to the Israelites through His prophets, who were holy men of old. (p. 8)

“That class of natural descendants of Jacob who have such faith in God and in His word, really are Jews; and they will receive comfort by now giving a careful consideration to the prophecies of God’s word (p.9)... It will be found that the Scriptures definitely teach that salvation is of the Jews because it is from the tribe of Judah that Shiloh the Messiah comes, He who shall be the Savior and Deliverer of mankind – the Jews first and thereafter the Gentiles. (p. 11) The rebuilding of Palestine is now beginning (in 1925) and is well under way. This is being done clearly in fulfillment of prophecy uttered as promises from Jehovah. (p. 12) Of all the peoples of the world the Jews have the greatest reason for faith in Jehovah God and His Word. No other people were ever favored as were the Jews. (pp. 12, 13)

“When Abraham was 175 years old he died. God had promised him the land and had bound the promise with His oath; but Abraham never possessed a foot of it as his own. Does that mean that God’s promises are not true? It does not. God’s promises are sure; therefore, we must understand that it is the purpose of the Lord at some future time to raise Abraham out of death and give to him, and to his offspring who have the faith of Abraham, all the land that He promised him. That time is at hand. Hence every Jew should take comfort therefrom. (p. 18) Let every Jew take courage now and know that the promises that the Lord God made to Abraham, to Isaac, to Jacob and to the Israelites through the prophets are absolutely certain of fulfillment. (p. 19)

“God established with Israel the true religion; namely, that they should worship Jehovah as the only true God. (p. 37) Why did the nation of Israel fall? The answer is, because of their unfaithfulness to Jehovah God. (p. 44) But Is Israel cast off forever? The answer is, No indeed. Mark the statement made by the Lord to Ezekiel at the time of pronouncing the final decree against them. It is – ‘I will overturn, overturn, overturn it; and it shall be no more until He come whose right it is; and I will give it to Him.” (Ezek. 21:27) The mere fact that the Lord said He would overturn it until a set time, is conclusive proof that it is God’s purpose to restore Israel to His favor. (p. 45)

“That God has made the promise to Abraham that He would give to him, and to his seed after him, the land of Palestine for an everlasting inheritance, is of itself sufficient proof that at some time Israel would be regathered there and have possession of the land forever. (p. 53)... The men who are really doing the work of rebuilding Palestine are called ‘chaluzim,’ which means pioneers. Many of these are men of splendid education and training, but they are devoted to the arduous labor of rebuilding their homeland. (p. 62)... This is the time therefore (in 1925) when a message of comfort must come to the Jew. Every one who loves Jehovah should take pleasure in passing the good tidings on to those who are Jews and who desire to know and to do God’s holy will. (p. 69)... The blessing carries with it all the favors of health, peace, prosperity and happiness. Every feature of the divine law therefore becomes important to the Jew first, and afterwards to all those who shall receive the blessings through   the divinely provided seed. (p. 80)

“During the past few years the strenuous efforts put forth by the Jews have resulted in enlisting many men and gathering considerable money and accomplishing some results in the rebuilding of their homeland. But they realize there is something lacking. Mr. Leon Simon, writing concerning the significance of Palestine for the Jews, says: “Palestine has not been restored to the Jews. The Jews are not a corporate body of the kind to which a country could be given. (p. 93) (But this is now an accomplished fact in 1972 – JJH)

“Has God spent all these years in an effort merely to establish Israel in Palestine to give her a home? No; that is not the sole purpose. God’s purpose is to regather Israel into that land that she may become a mighty nation, even greater than in the past, and that through her the peoples may be brought back into harmony with God and all the families of the earth receive a blessing through Abraham’s seed as promised. And to this end God has promised to make a new covenant with the Jews (p. 96,97)... God has gathered many of the people of Israel into the land of Palestine. As they begin to grow in wisdom by learning the Lord’s Word, God will draw near unto them and make with them a new covenant as He has promised (p. 98)... What could be God’s purpose in making a new covenant with Israel? In order that Israel might know what is required of her before she can receive the promised blessings, and that by keeping this covenant she may be blessed (p. 99)...

“God promised the land to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob. They are all dead. They have not had any part in the land. How can these promises be made good to them? If they remain forever dead the promises cannot be made good to them. God has promised, however, to open the graves and bring them up out of the graves, even as it is written, ‘Thus saith the Lord God, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel.’ – Ezek. 37:13 (p. 101)... Now in the latter days, at the close of the Gentile Times, God’s favor is returning to Israel and the light begins to shine as the great antitypical Jubilee opens. (p. 106)... It is quite apparent that the first and chief purpose of the Law was to foreshadow better things to come and that by this schoolmaster God would teach the Jews concerning this blessing, that they might be used by Him in due time to give blessings to others. (p. 108)

“In view of the fact that we are approaching the time when the new covenant is to be made, it behooves every Jew to look well to the teaching of God’s Word that he may see what provision God has made. (p. 110)... Now the positive promise through the Prophet Hosea is that God will redeem man from death, the grave, and destroy death (p. 111)... The race must be blessed with an opportunity for life, because God by His word and by His oath promised Abraham that such should be (p. 112)... The time has come for Israel’s blindness to be removed and for her to see what wonderful provisions God has made for the salvation of the Jews and for the establishment of them again in their homeland… (p. 123)

“It must be apparent to every Jew who has followed the argument herein set forth, which has been based exclusively upon the Holy Scriptures, that God intends Israel, the Jews, to have the land of Palestine; that He promised that land to Abraham and to his seed after him, and that He purposes to keep that promise; that for many centuries God has by various experiences been teaching the Jews, and through them other peoples, that He is Jehovah God... that all who prove their love for God and loyalty and faithfulness to Him shall receive His blessings. (p. 125)

“The Jews now, in fulfillment of prophecy, are being regathered to Palestine (p. 125)… The day has come when Israel shall know as never before that Jehovah is her God. ‘Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord; and the people whom He hath chosen for His own inheritance.’ (Psa. 33:12) The day of Jubilee is come; the good news must be given to the people of Israel and then to all the peoples of the earth. The long dark period of Israel’s warfare is ended. The favor of God is being extended to her… (pp. 126‑27) Some one who loves the Lord must speak the message of comfort to the Jews. The time has come for the prophecy to have its fulfillment... Let the good tidings be told, to wit:

‘Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the Lord’s hand double for all her sins. O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain: O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God.” – Isa. 40:1, 9” (Page 127)

SUMMATION – The foregoing gives a clear resume of the teachings concerning the Jews that prevailed with the Watchtower group in 1925 – which was 47 years ago. Many of their present‑day zealots were not yet born then, so they are in complete ignorance of the reversal that has taken place. Of their extensive membership today less than 10,000 were affiliated with them in 1925. Therefore, the large majority who now preach annihilation for the Jews in Armageddon may be quite honest in their belief, which does not make it right, of course. In the foregoing pages we have offered a very brief synopsis of the 1925 book, almost all of which is a paraphrase of Pastor Russell’s conclusions concerning the past, present and future status of that race as it appears in the Great Eternal Purpose of God. We were in full accord with all of it in 1925 – and we still are in full accord with it; and all the Watchtower adherents were then also in full accord with it. At least, we ourselves do not know of one dissenting voice among them at that time. Now the Witnesses have completely reversed themselves, and are not only not “speaking comfortably to Jerusalem,” but they are speaking very “dis” comforting tidings, as they resign them to extinction in Armageddon. Of course, they are doing this with every one now who does not accept them; but they emphasize it as regards the Jews. Just what has caused them to reverse themselves, we may not know; but they are now following the pattern pursued by their large Gospel‑Age counterpart, the Roman Catholic Church, which over the centuries past also carried out a pronounced antagonism toward the Jews – instigated perhaps by their failure to convert the Jews to their system of error. This may be at the bottom of the Witnesses’ present attitude also; but we offer this only as a possibility.

“Comfort For The Jews” ends with Isa. 40:1, 9, as given above, and the frontispiece has a picture of Jerusalem underneath which is this Scripture from Psa. 122:6: “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem – they shall prosper that love thee.” In between these two Scriptures is to be found the general contents of the book; and on p. 69 is to be found what we quoted aforegoing, which we now repeat for the benefit of our readers: “Every one who loves Jehovah should take pleasure in passing the good tidings on to those who are Jews and who desire to know and to do God’s holy will.” Therefore, comparing their 1925 teaching with what they now offer in 1972, it should be very clear that their “love of Jehovah” has experienced a direct reversal; and people who can be wrong on such a major tenet of Christian teaching may be equally wrong on many other lesser points. Thus, any teaching they present should be viewed with a critical eye. In fact, we are strongly reminded of Isa. 14:16 (in application only): “They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms?” “IN THY NAME PERFORMED MANY WONDERS.”

The Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement is another group that is following in the path of the Watchtower as respects the Jews – although they do not eliminate the Jews altogether, as do the Jehovah’s Witnesses. They have made special effort to “comfort the Jews,” but out of the other side of their mouths they teach that their Campers Consecrated are to be special recipients of the “comfort” instead of the Jews – setting aside the teaching of That Servant and of the Apostle Paul, that the Jews will have the preeminence in the Mediatorial reign. They tell their Campers Consecrated that they are the chief class of Restitutionists now, and will also be the chief class at the inception of the Kingdom – as helpers to the visible ruling powers (the Worthies). The Witnesses contend the same for their Great Multitude. We hope, D.v. to give more details on this subject in a future writing; but for now, these two groups – the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement – are the only groups emanating from the organization left at the death of Pastor Russell – so far as we know – who have sullied his teaching on the “Jewish Hopes and Prospects” with vagarious teachings of their own invention. Thus, neither of these groups is now offering the Scriptural “comfort to the Jews.” Many sects in Christendom are now proffering some of this Scriptural “comfort” – much to the shame of these two groups, who have grossly revolutionized against the light they once had and taught – and have gone into “outer darkness” (error) thereon. (Matt. 25:30 – See Berean Comment)

Once more we would stress the counsel of St. Paul in 2 Tim. 3:13, 14, Diaglott: – “Evil men and impostors will make progress for the worse, deceiving and being deceived. But do thou continue in the things which thou didst learn (from tried and proven teachers such as That Servant), and wast convinced of, knowing by whom thou hast been instructed.

“For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein. (Psa. 69:35‑36)

NO. 368: A CHOSEN PEOPLE

No. 368

So long as the natural Children of Israel kept the Law to the best of their ability, the Lord prospered them. But they didn’t do this. They not only were contaminated by the sins of the nations around them, but they rejected the Messiah who came to His own, and His own received Him not. It has been much the same with Gentiles who made a Covenant with God. They, too, have failed to keep their Covenant of sacrifice, and the majority have fallen into disfavor. None of them, natural Israel or Spiritual Israel, have been able to keep a perfect Law; but all those who have done so to the best of their ability have been blessed and protected from many evils of the nations around them.

But we are now discussing natural Israel: they were chosen because of their forefathers – Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. In the 11th chapter of Hebrews we see that there were individuals who had God’s favor before He chose Israel as a nation: Abel, Enoch and Noah, as well as Abraham, are mentioned as faithful. This chapter mentions some of the faithful Ancient Worthies, but not nearly all of them. The reason we call them “Ancient Worthies,” is because they were the “Ancients,” and verse 38 tells us, “Of whom the world was not worthy.” So Ancient Worthies is a Biblical expression. These Ancient Worthies not only kept the Mosaic Law to the best of their ability, they lived above the Law – sacrificed to do God’s will amidst very adverse conditions. “They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented.” (Heb. 11:37) For doing God’s will they underwent such sufferings, the same as the faithful footstep followers of our Lord have suffered. Natural Israel, however, was blessed and favored of the Lord when they made an honest attempt to keep the Law.

Deut. 7:6‑18 tells us: “For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto Himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth. (v. 6) The Lord did not set His love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people (v. 7) [And that is true of Spiritual Israel in the Gospel Age – “they have been the fewest of all people”¾JJH]. But because the Lord loved you, and because He would keep the oath which He had sworn unto your fathers, hath the Lord brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. (v. 8) Know therefore that the Lord thy God, He is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love Him and keep His commandments to a thousand generations. (v. 9) And repayeth them that hate Him to their face, to destroy them: He will not be slack to him that hateth Him, He will repay him to his face. (v. 10) Thou shalt therefore keep the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which I command thee this day, to do them. (v. 11) Wherefore it shall come to pass, if ye hearken to these judgments, and keep, and do them, that the Lord thy God shall keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which He sware unto thy fathers. (v. 12) And He will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: He will also bless the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, and thy wine, and shine oil, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep, in the land which He sware unto thy fathers to give thee. (v. 13) Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle. (v. 14) And the Lord will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee. (v. 15) And thou shalt consume all the people which the Lord thy God shall deliver thee; thine eye shall have no pity upon them: neither shalt thou serve their gods; for that will be a snare unto thee. (v. 16) If thou shalt say in shine heart, These nations are more than I; how can I dispossess them? (v. 17) Thou shalt not be afraid of them: but shalt well remember what the Lord thy God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt.” (v. 18)

But with all these promises they didn’t hearken unto the Lord. They did this despite Joshua’s encouragement: “Be ye therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom to the right or to the left.” (Josh. 23:6) And “One man of you shall chase a thousand: for the Lord your God, He it is that fighteth for you, as He hath promised you.” (Josh. 23:10) And also this assurance, “And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which the Lord your God spake concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath failed thereof.” (Josh. 23:14)

Not only did God choose Israel as a nation but He specially used certain ones among them – such as the Prophets, David, Solomon, John the Baptist, et al. David is called Beloved of God – and God was pleased that Solomon asked for “an understanding heart to judge Thy people.” (1 Kings 3:9) “And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life; neither hast thou asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of shine enemies; but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern judgment; Behold, I have done according to thy words: lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee. And I have also given thee...riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings like unto thee all thy days.” (1 Kings 3:11‑13) But Solomon loved many strange women – and when he was old “his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with the Lord his God, as was the heart of David his father.” (1 Kings 11:4)

Here are some pertinent quotes from That Servant:

“Nevertheless, the Scriptures most clearly declare that the natural seed of Abraham, the Jews, are still heirs of a certain promise of God, which in due time will come to them. To their nation will come the great privilege of being the foremost nation amongst men during Messiah’s glorious reign, when the church glorified, spiritualized, will be with him in his throne, invisible to men. St. Paul thus explains that the full number, to complete the elect kingdom class, must be first found amongst the Gentiles, and then, these being glorified in the first resurrection, natural Israel will obtain the great earthly blessings which are still theirs and which were promised to their fathers. Natural Israel will receive blessings from spiritual Israel. ‘They shall obtain mercy through your mercy.’ – Rom. 11:25‑34.” (Reprints 5101 – 1912)

From this we can see that it will be the Church Glorified who will convert the Jewish nation, through the Worthies. Then the Jews will help convert the world of mankind.

You might ask why was Israel specially chosen. Let That Servant answer:

“At the beginning of our Lord’s earthly ministry the Jewish nation were invited to become the kingdom of God. The offer of God’s chief blessing was ‘to the Jew first.’ For many centuries they had been God’s special people. They had been called to be unto God ‘a kingdom of priests and an holy nation’ – a peculiar treasure unto God, composed of a priestly class and a chosen, holy people. (Ex. 19:5,6) We do not understand that all Israel from the time of the giving of the law could have been of the heavenly kingdom, however faithful they have been. None could be of this kingdom class before Jesus came to earth; for he was the Forerunner of this class. The offer was made to the Jews of his day. But those of the nation who lived previously, and who had been faithful to God, true to their covenant, shall be greatly blessed of the Lord on the human plane. They shall be used to bless all nations under spiritual Israel ‑ the kingdom of God now being set up.

“God’s special favor to the people of natural Israel in choosing them above any other nation was especially because they were the seed of his faithful friend, Abraham. God had promised Abraham that because of his faith and obedience his seed should be blessed. It was not because they were of themselves holier or better than other peoples. (See Ex. 32:9‑13; Deut. 9:4‑8) But for their fathers’ sakes God chose them to be his people.

“At our Lord’s first advent the time had come for the offer of membership in the kingdom, for the testing of the whole nation of Israel, to prove whether they were ready for this choice blessing. Jesus was the One to offer this kingdom; for he had consecrated himself a sacrifice for sin, which would constitute a basis for the establishment of the kingdom on earth.

“True And False Ideas Of The Kingdom: The sermon on the Mount, from which our text is taken, points out the earnestness and singleness of heart necessary in those who would become members of the kingdom class. The Master intimates that not all of this favored nation who heard his message would be ready to accept it. Many were absorbed in the things of this life ‑ in what they would eat, what they would drink, what they would wear. But in order to be ready to receive the proffered blessing, in order to be acceptable to God, they must make the kingdom their first interest. ‘Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness,’ enjoined the Savior, not the earthly things. If the kingdom was made first, all their earthly needs would be supplied; ‘All things shall be added unto you,’ was his promise.

“Not many of the Jews were ready for so drastic a Teacher. They had their own plans – business plans, political plans, social functions. Hence this invitation of Jesus to leave all to obtain a kingdom of which they knew nothing and which seemed so intangible did not find a very ready response. The twelve apostles were among the first to accept his offer. At the time of Jesus’ death, something over five hundred had joined themselves to him as his disciples. Of these we are told that one hundred and twenty were gathered in the upper room on the day of Pentecost, where they received the begetting of the holy Spirit. After Pentecost some thousands of Jews came to the point of decision to make the kingdom of God their first business. These, however, were but a small minority of the nation of Israel.” (Reprint 5917, 5918, top ‑ 1916)

Nevertheless, there is still that promise of God to natural Israel that they will become the foremost nation on earth. Pastor Russell gives a very beautiful picture in Volume 4:

“Jehovah’s Feet On The Mount Of Olives: (Zech. 14:4,5) This prophecy is generally misunderstood, and applied to the feet of our Lord Jesus, at his second advent. Indeed, those who thus err generally go farther and assert that it will be the feet of flesh, pierced with the nails of Calvary – not realizing that our Lord gave his human nature, complete and forever, as our ransom; and that he was raised from the dead, by the Father’s power, a glorious spirit‑being, the express image of the Father’s person. (See Vol. 2, Chap. 5)

“But a glance at the preceding verse (3) shows that the Prophet speaks of the return of Jehovah’s feet; for the verse (referring to the trouble by which the Kingdom will be established) is: ‘Then shall Jehovah go forth and fight against those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle [anciently for Israel]. And his feet will stand in that day upon the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east. And the Mount of Olives shall be divided in its center, from east to west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove northward and half southward.’

“As soon as any see the fact that the feet mentioned are Jehovah’s feet, they will not dispute that this language is symbolic, and refers to the Lord’s re‑establishment of his dominion in the earth, that has long been comparatively abandoned to the ‘god of this world’ Satan, except as the Lord was represented first by the typical Tabernacle, secondly by the Temple at Jerusalem, and lastly by the present tabernacle condition of the Church of Christ, during this Gospel Age. Surely, no one will err and get the thought that Jehovah literally rests his feet upon this earth as a ‘footstool.’

“And if the placing and resting of Jehovah’s feet is symbolic, and signifies the return of divine favor and dominion to earth, so, we may be sure, other features connected in the same prophecy are symbolic: the Mount of Olives, its peculiar division, its valley, the flight of the people, the waters of life from Jerusalem (compare v. 8 with Ezek. 47:1‑9), etc., are all symbolic statements, pictures of grand spiritual truths.

“The olive is a meaningful symbol: in olden times it was the source of artificial light, its oil being generally used for this purpose. (Ex. 27:20) Indeed, in the Hebrew the olive tree was called shemen or oil tree. Olive oil was also used as the basis of many of the precious ointments of olden time – such as that used in anointing the priests and kings, typing the holy spirit upon the antitypical ‘royal priesthood.’ (Ex. 30:25) And from time immemorial the olive branch has been used as a symbol of peace. (Gen. 8:11; Neh. 8:15)

“If then the olive be the symbol of light, peace and divine blessing through the holy spirit, and if mountain be considered as elsewhere the symbol for a Kingdom, the significance here of the term Mount of Olives is easily seen to be the Kingdom of Light, Peace and Divine Blessing. And the standing or establishment or fixing of Jehovah’s ‘feet’ upon it, signifies that the divine favor and law will be re‑established in the earth by and through the holy Kingdom.

“This application of the term Mount of Olives, is in full accord with Paul’s statement (Rom. 11:17, 24) in which he compares Fleshly Israel with the original cultivated olive tree, and Gentile converts to wild olive branches grafted in where the natural branches had been broken off. (Compare Jer. 11:16, 17) He explains that the root of the tree is in the promise of God, the Abrahamic promise, that the seed of Abraham should finally bless all the families of the earth, etc. Finally the same root or promise will bear two kinds of branches, the engrafted wild olive branches, and the re-engrafted natural branches: when Israel shall have his blindness turned away, and shall look with the eye of faith on the Saviour crucified and pierced eighteen centuries ago, a sacrifice for sin. We remember also that fleshly Israel was God’s typical Kingdom or mountain for a long time, and that spiritual Israel of this age is called to be the real Kingdom of God, as Jesus said ‘Fear not, Little Flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the Kingdom!

“Further, from these two Kingdoms (even before Jehovah’s glory rests on them to make them his channels of blessings to all mankind) has proceeded all ‘the light of the world’ during all the darkness of the past: for are not these the representatives of the Old and the New Testaments, the two parts of the oath‑bound Covenant? Are not these related to the Lord’s two witnesses and to the two olive trees of Zech. 4:3, 11, 12, distinctly mentioned also in Rev. 11:4? ‑ in that these two parts of the mountain symbolize the outcome of that covenant, the results of the witnessing – the Kingdom in its heavenly and its earthly phases?

“Here we see, then, that the two halves of the Mount of Olives mean the two parts of the Kingdom of God, distinctly separated according to a divine order or arrangement. The separation indicates no opposition between the two parts of the Kingdom. It is, on the contrary, for the purpose of making the ‘Valley of Blessing’ between – to which all who desire divine aid may flee and find succor under the blessed protection of both the heavenly and the earthly phases of the Kingdom.

“The Prophet David (Ps. 84) seems to have been given a foreview of this great ‘Valley of Blessings,’ close to Jehovah’s ‘feet,’ when he sings first of the saints of the Gospel Age and then of those blessed in the next Age, saying:

‘How lovely are thy dwelling places

O Jehovah of Hosts!

My soul desired, yea, it even fainted

For the courts of Jehovah.

My heart and my flesh shout with joy

Unto the living God.

Even as the sparrow hath found a house,

And the swallow a nest for herself,

Where she may lay her young: (so

I have found) shine altars, O Lord of Hosts,

My God, my King.

Happy are they that dwell in thy house:

They shall be continually praising Thee. Selah.

Happy is the man whose strong confidence is in thee,

Whose heart reflecteth (wholly)

On the paths of righteousness.

Passing through the valley of mourning,

They change it into a place of (joy) springs ‑

[Valley of Blessings].

The Autumn rain brings them blessings [Joel 2:28]:

They go from strength to strength

That each of them may be presented (perfect)

Before God in Zion.’

“The 85th Psalm also pictures the return of divine clemency and blessing under the Millennial Kingdom, the Olive Mountain (Kingdom) of two parts.

“The removal of one part of the mountain to the north and the other to the south is significant; the North is the direction of the Pleiades, the celestial center of the universe, the supposed seat of divine empire. (See Vol. 3, p. 321) This would seem to indicate the ‘change’ of the Gospel Church at this time, from human to spirit conditions as ‘partakers of the divine nature’; and the removal of the other half of the mountain would seem to signify the complete restitution, to perfect human conditions, of those ancient worthies accounted worthy to constitute the earthly representatives of God’s Kingdom.

“The valley thus produced would be one full of light ‑ free from shadows: for the sun would stream through it from east to west. This speaks pictorially of the Sun of Righteousness and its full light of divine truth and blessing scattering the shadows of sin, ignorance, superstition and death, and healing and restoring the willingly obedient of men who will flee to this valley of blessings, the valley of mercy. The valley of mercy, between and under the care of the spiritual and human phases of the Kingdom of Light and Peace (the standing of Jehovah’s feet) will surely be a ‘Valley of Blessings’ to all who enter it with broken and contrite hearts.

“We must recall, further, that while it is said to Israel only, ‘Ye shall flee to the valley of the mountains,’ yet as a name Israel meant ‘The blessed of the Lord,’ ‘The people of God,’ The Lord’s people.’ (2 Chr. 7:14) While, as we have seen, the first or spiritual blessing of the Kingdom shall come to spiritual Israel, and the second or earthly blessing shall begin with Israel according to the flesh, yet it will not stop there; for whosoever will may become an Israelite; by exercising the faith and obedience of Abraham, all mankind may become Israelites indeed, ‘the people of God.’ Hence the Prophet Isaiah declares that when Israel is called back to divine favor, at the establishment of the Kingdom, it will include ‘Every one that is called by my [Jehovah’s] name: for I have created him for my glory; I have formed him, yea, I have made him.’ (The name Israel will then apply to all who are God’s people.) – Is. 43:7; Rom. 9:26, 33; 10:13” (P‑4, pages 649 – 654, 1897)

We will close with something from the Epiphany Messenger regarding Pastor Russell:

“He (Bro. Russell – JJH) likewise forecast that during the Time of Trouble, which he considered synonymous with the Epiphany, the Jews would in Palestine greatly increase in numbers, wealth, influence, possession of the land and development in national respects. This increase in these respects we now see going on before us, and they are additionally a mighty forecast of what will yet take place in the remaining time of the Epiphany. For him (Bro. Russell – JJH) to have made such a forecast (long before 1914‑‑JJH), which the Epiphany increasingly witnesses as fulfilling, proves that he had charge of the storehouse of Truth, and therefore functioned in this respect as That Servant.” (E‑9, p. 350, par. 1 ‑ 1938)

“Blessed is that servant, whom his Lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Verily I say unto you, That he shall make him ruler over all his goods.” (Matt. 24:46, 47)

(Written by Brother Hoefle August, 1978)

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“IN THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW”

Brother Gray Charles Dunnagan finished his course March 4, 1986, and was buried March 6, 1986. He was a member of the Bible House Family, and did what he could to help with the work as long as he was able. He was ill for over a year, and when he was told his case was terminal, he said, “I’m not afraid to die, as I know too much Truth to be afraid.” He knew he would be “asleep in Jesus” until the resurrection in the Kingdom, which would be only a nap or night’s sleep for him. He had faith in God’s promises, especially in Rev. 21:4: “And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.”

His family and friends mourn for him, but are comforted with the thought that he is now at rest, free from pain, and his suffering is over.

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LETTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

Dear Brethren: Christian greetings!

I would appreciate a copy of the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” We have read his six volumes but would like information on differences of teaching in      Jehovah’s Witnesses. Thank you and God bless you! ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Brethren:

Could you send me five copies of the book “About Pastor Charles Russell” by David Horowitz? Some brethren in this area would like to have copies. Do book stores have the book? Enclosed is check which I hope will cover some of the cost. If it is not sufficient, please let me know.

Yours in Him, ------- (NEW JERSEY)

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Dear Sirs:

Glad to receive your Bible articles. We have been receiving them for some time. Your announcement concerning the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell” in your No. 366 would be sent to those for the asking. Please send me a copy ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

I was delighted to receive a copy of Mr. Horowitz’ book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell,” and I have read it already. I am also grateful to receive the papers which arrive regularly. I notice that you publish them as originally written by Brother Hoefle. It is very comforting to know that you are keeping up the good work.

I hope that you are in the best of health. I enclose a check for use and to help with the administrative costs ‑ or in whatever way you wish. Once again thank you for sending me the papers and the book.

Yours faithfully, ------- (CANADA)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Loving greetings in our Lord and Head!

We appreciate receiving the papers .... Now, hope we aren’t too late to obtain a copy of the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell” by David Horowitz. Pastor Russell was surely used by the Lord to bring ‘present truth’ to His people.

May God continue to bless your efforts to carry on Brother Hoefle’s work.

Much Christian love, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Gentlemen:

Last week our office received a copy of David Horowitz’ book, entitled PASTOR CHARLES TAZE RUSSELL, which had been mailed to Rev. J. Manning Potts. Our friend and colleague, Dr. Potts, passed away in January of 1973. I had worked for several years with Dr. Potts and to this day still maintain correspondence and telephone communications with his widow, who is now close to 90 years of age and living in Florida.

If you should like for us to return the book or forward it to Mrs. Potts or keep it here, we shall be glad to follow your direction. Please let us know what your wish is.

In the meantime if you have other books which you might want to share with us, please know that we would be glad to have them and enjoy them.

Sincerely, Lake Junaluska Assembly ------- (NORTH CAROLINA)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: Warmest Christian greetings to you!

I am very much interested in the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” I am requesting a copy of this book, and I am willing to cover the expenses when you notify me. I will be anxiously waiting for your reply.

Christian love, ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Brethren in Christ:

Thank you for the book David Horowitz wrote “About Pastor Russell and his writings.” I hope he gets as much out of Pastor Russell’s writings as we do. Maybe Pastor Russell’s writings will open the Jews’ eyes as it did with some of the nominal churches. Who knows what God can and will do! We are serving a wonderful God!

Your sister by His Grace, ------- (OHIO)

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Dear Sister: Grace and peace through our Beloved Lord and Master!

I just got the promised copy of Pastor Russell’s life. Thank you very much. As we believe, Pastor Russell will be on our Lord’s right hand. What a wonderful Christian battle he fought!

Hope you are keeping well. Thanks again! It is a lovely New Year’s gift.

Warm Christian love, ------- (TRINIDAD)

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Dear Sister:

Thank you, thank you and the Lord’s blessings be upon you! Today I received David Horowitz’ book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell.” I could scarcely believe it, although I recalled in your last paper learning there was such a book....... I also meant to express my appreciation of the previous issue about Casimir Lanowick’s remarkable work. I met the Lanowick’s many years ago.......... But now about the book – I have not put it down, reading it cover to cover, then going back and forth savoring some of its precious details. .......

This book is a necessary vindication of Brother Russell and an expose’ of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. It will be of much benefit to those who have become disenchanted with the Society (the JW’s) – or have been disfellowshipped. I’m sure it is God’s “due time” for this book to have been written – and just the right person to do so was David Horowitz. In thankfulness and His love, ------- (NEW YORK)

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Dear Sister Emily: Peace and blessing!

I hope this finds you more rested up. I am quite well. I hope many will let the wonderful promises sink into their hearts, D.v. I don’t know of any one but David who could have brought these things together at present. And you were there to help! Brother Hoefle, when he was here, did his part to make it possible.

We don’t know what results even one book to the right person may bring. But even if only a few are touched and comforted, it is all worthwhile.

I like to read about Israel. It is like taking a trip there (in our minds), and it makes us see how things are fulfilling in God’s plan.

With love to you from ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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Dear Sister Hoefle: I greet you with a warm “Shalom” in His precious Name!

It was indeed kind of you to send me a copy of the new book, “About Pastor Russell.” Needless to say, I was very gratified to learn that the early Christian Zionist work of Charles Taze Russell is being given recognition in this way. .... I pray that its influence will be widespread, to our Heavenly Father’s glory.

What a faithful servant Pastor Russell was! His love for God’s chosen people was, as indicated in the book, tied up with his love for all mankind and his joy in both knowing and heralding the Kingdom blessings.

You may be interested in a sidelight experience that Brother Casimir and I had on our first trip to Israel in 1950. We planned to place an advertisement in all Israel newspapers to try to reach any and all Israeli who had known of the work of Pastor Russell and his proclaiming of the prophecies concerning Israel’s restoration. So we contacted the representative of the hotel where we were staying to ask for a run‑down on the nature of each Israel newspaper. (There were many even in those days, due to the need to provide news in so many languages.)

The gentleman did give us the list we requested and asked why we wanted it. When he learned we were planning to advertise for Israeli who had been influenced by PASTOR RUSSELL, he was most enthusiastic and told us that at the Hebrew University he had taken a course in Zionism which included a section on “Christian Zionism.” At the top of the list of the latter, he said, was the name of Charles Taze Russell. Regrettably, the cost of placing the planned ads was way above our budget and we never did have the opportunity of following through on this, It is only one of the many privileges of service we had to pass up due to carrying on “a shoestring,” as they say.

As you know, many Bible Students in those days did not see God’s hand in developments in Israel and were reluctant to support a work such as we were doing, trying to call attention to both Jew and Gentile as to the extreme importance in God’s great plan of the return of the Jews to their homeland.

How greatly to Pastor Russell’s credit that he foresaw the events of our day and yet many of his followers decades hence fail to appreciate the historic times in which we live! Nevertheless, I will try to publicize David Horowitz’ book to the extent of my ability. Again, many thanks for so generously sending a copy to me.

Yours “for Zion’s sake,” ------- (CALIFORNIA)

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Dear Brethren: Thank you for including us on the readership list. We have received many blessings and especially find the article interesting concerning your visit with author David Horowitz. We would greatly appreciate receiving a copy of this book. In fact, if you have sufficient quantity, there is a lovely, large Jewish Community Center in our area of Houston which has a nice library. We are well acquainted with a member of the Board of Directors and feel he would be interested in placing the book in the library. We feel it is timely that an authentic book on the life of Brother Russell is published ‑ one we can recommend to our friends and associates.

Please advise if there is cost involved. With Christian love, ------- (TEXAS)

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Dear Mrs. Hoefle:

Sorry about the blank card. I wanted to know about Epiphany Bible Students. Yes, I would like to receive a copy of the Charles Russell book and be put on your mailing list.

Rev. ------- (MICHIGAN)

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Dear Sirs and Fellow‑workers: Thank you for the book on Pastor Russell.

With appreciation, Pastor  ------- (FLORIDA)

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NOTE: We are publishing these letters of appreciation of the book for our readers to know that the book “About Pastor Charles Taze Russell” is receiving the acclaim it deserves. This is especially for those who have been benefited by the teachings of Brother Russell. We welcome the cooperation of all faithful Bible Students. We owe a debt of gratitude to David Horowitz for his time and efforts to bring Pastor Russell’s name and teachings to public knowledge.

NO. 367: TAKE, MY BRETHREN, THE PROPHETS - PART TEN

No. 367

ZECHARIAH ‑ Little is known of his ancestry, but it is fairly reliable that he was a priest and a prophet – probably just a boy when he joined the caravan from Babylon to return to Jerusalem in BC 536. He was probably born in Babylon, but his family were very solicitous to instruct him in the Law and other Old Testament writers. While Satan is mentioned in 1 Chron. 21:1, Zechariah is the only Old Testament prophet to mention that individual. (See Zech. 3:1,2) Apparently, he exercised his prophetic office in Chaldea and wrought miracles there; then returned to Jerusalem at an advanced age, where he died and was buried by the side of his contemporary prophet and friend, Haggai.

It may be said with certainty that much of what he wrote he did not understand because large parts of it apply to the time in which we are living and to years ahead – probably well into the Millennium. It would seem the Jews tried to apply his teachings to the time in which they lived – as they did with many other prophetical writings, although time itself proved their expectations wrong. Zechariah joined Haggai in arousing the Jews to rebuild the Temple, work on which had been stopped for about fifteen years by hostile neighbors.

The reason for the delay came when the Samaritans wanted to join the Jews in the rebuilding of the Temple, to which the Jews objected. The Samaritans had said, “We seek your God, as ye do,” but the Jews retorted, “Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God.” This so angered the Samaritans that they filed a complaint with the Persian Court – after the death of Cyrus, and Cambyses and Ahasuerus complied with the request and nothing was done on the Temple for about fifteen years. But when Darius, the son of Hystaspes, came to power, he ordered the Temple work to proceed. He renewed the policy of Cyrus and favor was again extended to the community at Jerusalem. Zechariah was the eleventh of the Minor Prophets.

Much controversy has arisen about the authorship of the Book of Zechariah, some contending that it is the work of two or even three writers. There is little use to argue this question. We are not real certain at all of the writers of some books of the Bible. The author of the Book of Job is not certainly known, although it is generally believed that Solomon wrote it. Some scholars contend that this book is the finest piece of literature in existence. It is so superb that no one has been able to properly translate it into the English language. The author of many of the Psalms and the larger part of the historical books of the Old Testament is not known, but in all of these instances they have a certain ring to them that they are inspired. In the Douay version of the Bible (the Catholic version) we have the apocryphal writings, but anyone familiar with the general tone of the Bible will readily realize that these books do not compare at all with the inspired writings to be found in the other 66 books. And we think this applies also to the entire book of Zechariah. Therefore, we accept that prophet as the writer of all of it.

It should be noted, however, that the authenticity of the entire book was never doubted by Jews or Christians until about two hundred years ago – when a ‘smart’ higher critic began to criticize the authenticity of some of it. However, we accept all of it as a true part of the Bible, and we shall proceed to discuss it from that standpoint. As stated, the prophet himself did not understand what he wrote, and the critics of two hundred years ago did not understand it either. It was not to be understood until “the time of the end,” although there are some parts of it that apply to the distant future which we do not clearly understand, but the generalities are quite clear to close Bible students of our time. If we wish to consider the difference in style between the first eight chapters and the remaining six, we may logically reason that the book was not written at one time; and the prophet’s experiences in his later years may easily have influenced his changed style – just as it probably has done with us and with the writings of That Servant, with which we believe all our readers will agree.

In this connection, those higher critics have reached some hairline conclusions because of the phraseology of the first and second parts of the prophet’s book. In the second half he resorts to the phrase “in that day”; but there is good reason for this: In the second half the prophet is especially talking of things in the distant future, some of which have already occurred – such as his comments about the coming of the Messiah – but moreso concerning the time in which we are now living – 2500 years after Zechariah wrote his book. It requires no great intelligence to understand why he would use such a phrase in referring to happenings so far in the future. It does not require a scholar to understand this very simple conclusion.

Also, the primary impetus in Zechariah’s activities was the delay in rebuilding the Temple, which delay had been going on for fifteen years; and it was he and Haggai that really aroused the Jews to complete the job – which was done in four years once it had begun again. Thus, there was nothing much to say about the Temple in the latter part of his book. Naturally, his choice of words and subject matter would have to change. Thus the two parts of his book are not conflicting and contradictory, but successive and complementary oracles. When the Temple had been completed, the prophet would self‑evidently have nothing more to say about it.

SOME GENERALITIES ON THE BOOK

While Zechariah is counted among the Minor Prophets, some of his promises to the Jews are among the most forceful in the Bible and give added strength and faith to the Jewish people as a nation. In 2:8 there is this: “He that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye.” It is well to stress here that there are now more Jews on earth than there were at the height of Solomon’s kingdom. And it is also well to emphasize that every nation that has shed Jewish blood has come to extreme trouble. Germany and Hitler offer one outstanding example of this. It is reported that six million Jews were exterminated during Hitler’s rule. This may be an exaggeration, but we firmly believe that the number of martyrs during this time was indeed in the millions. And Hitler and his co‑operators came to a violent and tragic end.

Then in 2:11 there is the far‑reaching promise: “Many nations shall be joined to the Lord in that day, and shall be my people: and I will dwell in the midst of thee [the Jewish nation].” This has not yet been fulfilled, but the evidence is very potent that the establishment of Messiah’s Kingdom is nearing accomplishment. Continuing in 8:3: “I am returned unto Zion, and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and Jerusalem shall be called a city of truth; and the mountain [kingdom] of the Lord of hosts the holy mountain.”

But (8:10), “For before these days [before the kingdom can be well established] there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the affliction: for I set all men every one against his neighbor.” But after the holocaust “the seed shall be prosperous; the vine shall give her fruit, and the ground shall give her increase, and the heavens shall give their dew; and I will cause the remnant of this people to possess all these things.” (8:12)

MICHAEL SERVETUS – (B. 1511 – burned at the stake under most gruesome circumstances at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1553.) This Star Member was one of the foremost reformers, a contemporary of Martin Luther, he was intensely hated by John Calvin, who was instrumental in securing his conviction as a heretic, and secured his execution by burning. This reformer stressed and clarified four outstanding doctrines of the Bible:

1 – The unity of God as against the Trinity;

2 – Man’s mortality as against the immortality of the soul;

3 – Death the wages of sin as against eternal torment;

4 – Future probation as against this life ending all probation.

We have inserted this digression because of Zech. 5:5,6: “Lift up now shine eyes, and see what is this that goeth forth. And I said, What is it? And he said, This is an ephah that goeth forth. He said moreover, This is their resemblance through all the earth [society as presently organized].” These four great truths are opposed by four great errors, as shown above; and “their resemblance through all the earth” is telling us – in highly figurative language that the large majority of Christians – most Protestants and all Greek and Roman Catholics now embrace the four very misleading errors of Christendom: the Trinity, man’s inherent immortality, eternal torment the wages of sin, and no hope for the dead that are not now Christians. In these four respects they all “resemble” each other.

Let us consider now 8:23: “In those days it shall come to pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you.” It is our understanding that “those days” refer to returning favor to Israel, which began at the Berlin Congress of Nations, which was held from June 13, 1878, to July 13, 1878. At that time England, “whose sun never set,” ruled the sea and the financial markets of the world. The Congress was convened to adjust some of the extreme settlements that had resulted from the Russo‑Turkish War. Disraeli, the first Jew ever to be Prime Minister of England, pretty much dominated that Congress; and he not only forced through some favorable measures for the Turks, but also obtained certain favors for the Jews in their quest for their return to Palestine, which favor has been steadily increasing to this day, and will yet become more prominent.

From the death of Jacob in BC 1815 (when his twelve sons became the leaders of Israel as a nation), to 33 AD – when they crucified the Lord of Glory: Up to that time it was truly recorded of them: “You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.” (Amos 3:2) And the punishment they received “for all their iniquities” was an exact double for the blessings they had received. The time of disfavor being 1845 years from 33 AD and came to its conclusion in 1878, when the first ray of returning favor came to them at that Berlin meeting.

The prophet we are now discussing had written of them: “They [the Jews] had refused to harken... stopped their ears that they should not hear. They made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which the Lord of hosts had sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the Lord of hosts.” (7:11,12)

“Ten men shall take hold out of all the languages of the nations” (Zech. 8:23): All of Europe was represented at that Berlin conference, at which time there were more than twice ten nations; but there was then – and still is – but ten language nations in Europe: The Scandinavian (Norway, Sweden, etc.); Anglo‑Saxon (England, Scotland, etc.); Teutonic (Germany, Austria, etc.); Gallic (including France, Belgium, etc.); Hispanian (Spain, Portugal, etc.); Latin (Italy); Greek (Greece); Turkish (Turkey); Slavic (Russia, Poland, etc.); Magyars (Hungary) and the Jews would make eleven, of course. It is our understanding that the prophecy in Zech. 8:23 was fulfilled at that time. Now, chap. 9:9: “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion;... behold, thy King cometh unto thee: He is just, and having salvation: lowly, and riding upon an ass.” This prophecy was written more than 500 years before Jesus rode into Jerusalem five days before His crucifixion, and is certainly a strong proof that “holy men of old spake as they were moved by the holy spirit.” Then in 9:12: “I declare that I will render double [as explained above] unto thee.”

This prophecy about our Lord coming upon an ass has provided the higher critics with some ammunition to prove (?) that Zechariah did not write all his book; some other writer wrote that part of it; and they latch on to Isaiah about his comment regarding Cyrus 200 years before Cyrus arrived, which also provided them with proof (?) that that prophet did not write everything that is shown in his book.

And at that time: “They shall be as though I had not cast them off: for I am the Lord their God, and will hear them.” (10:6) “I will bring them again out of the land of Egypt [type of the Gentile world in darkness – under the domination of Satan. “The god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not” – 2 Cor. 4:4] and will bring them into the land of Gilead and Lebanon [as we now see it].” (10:10)

Chapter 11:8 speaks of three shepherds that would be cut off in one month. We consider this month a symbolic month of thirty days, the same actually meaning thirty years. It is our understanding that this period began in 1878 and ends in 1908, and the three shepherds refer to three individuals that were on the scene during that time. It is not our intention to detail this here; we simply mention it to show that much of what Zechariah wrote has a direct bearing on events here in the end of the Age.

In Zech. 11:15 we are told, “Take unto thee yet the instruments of a foolish shepherd.” Here we have a fourth person mentioned – also here in the end of the Age. And Zech. 12:3 is much to the point: “All that burden themselves with Jerusalem shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it.” Then 12:9: “I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem.” “They [the Jews] shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn because of it.” (v. 10)

In The Day Of Battle – “The Day of the Lord cometh... I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle... Then shall the Lord go forth, and fight against those nations, as when He fought in the day of battle.” (Zech. 14:1‑3) One instance of the Lord miraculously delivering Israel is found in Judges 7:1‑25. The Midianites had arrayed themselves against Israel; “and they lay along in the valley like grasshoppers for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand by the seaside for multitude.” Against this host Gideon proceeded with a picked 300 men. The Jews did not draw an arrow or wield a sword; the Lord gave Gideon the instruction which so demoralized the Midianites that they slew each other, and fled from their camp in complete rout.

Another Phenomenal Occurrence – This one is in 1 Kings 20:1‑34. At that time Ahab was king of Israel, and the Assyrians were a top world power. Benhadad, King of Syria, had with him “thirty and two kings... And he said, The gods do unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me,” to which Ahab gave his noted reply: “Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.” And a prophet said to Ahab (v. 13): “Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou seen all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver it into thine hand this day; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord.” “Then Ahab numbered the young men of the princes... two hundred and thirty‑two: after them he numbered all the people... seven thousand.” (v. 15) “These young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city which followed them. And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Benhadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen... And the king of Israel slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.” (vs. 19:21) And the Syrians came back at the turn of the year; “and the children of Israel pitched before them like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country. A man of God spake unto the king of Israel... Thus saith the Lord, Because the Syrians have said, The Lord is God of the hills, but He is not God of the valleys, therefore will I deliver this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know that I am the Lord.” (vs. 27,28)

“In the seventh day the battle was joined: and the children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in one day. But the rest fled to Aphek, and there a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were left. And Benhadad fled.” (vs. 29,30) And this is just a small illustration of what will happen to those Arabs, et al, that are now bent upon destroying Israel. Indeed, God will fight for them as “in the day of battle.” Had such a report come to us regarding such secular battles, we would be skeptical about it: but this is given to us from “the inspired Word of God,” so we know it is the truth!

The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold,

And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold;

And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea,

When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.

Like the leaves of the forest when summer is green,

That host with their banners at sunset were seen;

Like the leaves of the forest when Autumn hath blown,

That host on the morrow lay withered and strown.

For the angel of death spread his wings on the blast,

And breathed in the face of the foe as he past;

And the eyes of the sleepers were waxed and chill,

And their hearts that once heaved, they have grown still.

And there lay the steed with his nostril all wide,

But through it there rolled not the breath of his pride;

And the foam of his gasp lay wide on the turf;

But cold as the spray of the low‑beating surf.

But there lay the rider distorted and pale,

With the dew on his brow, and the rust on his mail;

And the tents were all silent, the banners alone,

The lances uplifted, the trumpet unblown.

The widows of Asher are loud in their wail,

And the idols are broken in the Temple of Baal;

And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword,

Hath melted like snow in the claws of the Lord.

“TIMES OF RESTITUTION [RESTORATION, REJUVENATION] OF ALL THINGS, WHICH GOD HATH SPOKEN BY THE MOUTH OF ALL HIS HOLY PROPHETS.” (Acts 3:21) Zechariah, being one of the holy prophets, has spoken of the “times of restitution,” some of which we now quote:

“And it shall be in that day [in the times of restitution], that living waters shall go out from Jerusalem; half of them to the former sea, and half of them toward the hinder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be. And the Lord shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one Lord [a pure language – no error].” (Zech. 14:8,9) “Men shall dwell in it [the Kingdom], and there shall be no more utter destruction; but Jerusalem shall be safely inhabited” (v. 11). “The nations shall go up from year to year to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles” (v. 16). “In that day shall there be upon the bells of the horses, HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD... in that day there shall be no more Canaanite [type of the world in sin] in the house of the Lord of hosts” (vs. 20,21),

The Prophet Zechariah is very clear and emphatic about his testimony of the “times of restitution,” and we are fully persuaded that we are now near “that day” of which he writes. “The Lord shall open unto thee His good treasure.” (Deut. 28:12)

Sincerely your brother, John J. Hoefle, Pilgrim

(Written by Brother Hoefle April 18‑28, 1983)

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GIANTS IN THESE DAYS

Readers of these columns, and especially such as are familiar with the presentations of the volume entitled “Armageddon,” know quite well that it is our opinion that there is a correspondency to be noted between the conditions which prevailed in the days of Noah, prior to the Deluge, and the conditions which will prevail in the days of the Son of Man, prior to the Great Time of Trouble, which the Bible declares will symbolically melt, or dissolve, as in a furnace of fire, the social elements of today. We have called attention to the fact that the giants of Noah’s day, according to the Bible, endangered the lives and the happiness of humanity; and that it was our thought that a counterpart of these giants is to be found in the great institutions and trusts of our day, which have the power to throttle, to strangle humanity.

We have pointed out that much could be said in favor of aggregations of wealth and intellect in mighty combinations, if properly used, not selfishly, but in the interests of the people. We have pointed out that although these giant corporations have accomplished great good, which could not have been accomplished without their aid or without some Divine interposition, nevertheless, under present selfish conditions, they are a menace to the people.

We should not be misunderstood. We do not mean even to hint that the men at the head of these giant corporations are inferior to their fellows in sympathy and in wisdom. On the contrary, we believe that they are generally superior, and that had brutish men been at the head of these giant corporations they long ago would have sought to squeeze the very life out of the people. But, as we have pointed out, there is continually a tendency on the part of all imperfect people toward selfishness, acquisitiveness. That “Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty” is as true today as ever it was. The people must watch the giants lest they become autocratic.

APPEARANCES SOMETIMES DECEITFUL

But, say some, The Editor of THE WATCH TOWER must be behind the times. Does he not know that the trusts are being throttled, and that these giants have been made the slaves of the people?

The Editor is well aware that apparently much has been done to bind these giants; and he well knows that they have apparently submitted and apparently acknowledge themselves the creatures, the servants of the people. But he also takes note that this transformation is merely an appearance. This docility is merely affected. The giants of intellectual and monetary strength have not really surrendered, nor is it in harmony with the laws of human nature to suppose that they would ever capitulate. Instead, they have seemingly acquiesced to the laws and regulations while merely transforming themselves and retaining their power. In several instances they have demonstrated that they are as powerful today as they ever were. And in their behalf it should be acknowledged that much of the legislation enacted against them is mere demagoguery the work of politicians, intended to curry favor with the people and not for practical use.

We have no sympathy with those who make tirades against the courageous and brainy men who have, along purely commercial lines, done so much to help forward the world’s condition – so much to prepare for the Millennium. Instead of being tantalized and hampered, these financial and engineering princes should be appreciated, honored. Then, while honoring them we should insist upon their reasonable control and supervision by the people through their governmental representatives. If these giants are necessary and useful, they can be better ruled by love and justice than by nagging and pin pricking. No doubt it is this very nagging that is producing more and more a spirit of bitterness in the giants – a feeling that they are not appreciated by some, a feeling that they must teach the people a lesson.

CONDITIONS AS THEY ARE

We are not especially finding fault with anybody. We are merely pointing out conditions as they are, and showing how these are shaping themselves and preparing for a great struggle between the giants and the people – a struggle in which the people will suffer more than the giants. The fault is not with humanity at all. The fault is with the sin, the selfishness, the meanness, which for centuries has had a firm foothold in humanity: – rich and poor. All are selfish. Each according to his opportunity seems disposed to take advantage. The giant corporations, we believe, are much more lenient than they would be if they were in the hands of naturally smaller men of lower class.

These giants are realizing that they have opponents on every hand. They have long contended with the labor unions, and more or less have been compelled to submit. Now, in addition to the unions, they are obliged to contend with the people in governmental legislation, and with new ideas in respect to corporation rights and liberties. These giants are saying to themselves, The people do not realize how much good we have done, nor what important factors in their welfare we are.

Few of the people realize that the managers and the presidents of our great railroads and large business enterprises are men of powerful mind, any of them well qualified for the highest stations of life, and many of them are earning salaries as great as that of the President of the United States, and solving problems as difficult as those which the President must handle. Few people realize that next to the farming element in importance come the railroads, as respects numbers of employees. And, the latter are an increasing army, while the farmers are a decreasing army, because of labor‑saving machinery.

Whoever supposes that these long‑headed business men intend to sit down and quietly submit to every kind of legislation is deluding himself. The giants know their own strength. They prefer to hide it rather than to boast if it; but when it comes to a life‑and‑death struggle they will use it, and terrible will be the effects. The very fact that the people are seeking to bind them arouses them to a more arbitrary exercise of their power. If legislation, for instance, affects to hinder railroads from monopolizing the anthracite and other coal interests, the coal‑owning railroads with a snarl of defiance raise the price of coal, and thus give a hint to the consumers that they will need to be thankful if permitted to purchase at all and to keep from freezing.

A SHOW OF GIANT STRENGTH

A more or less preconcerted action has begun on the part of the great railroads and affiliated interests. They have determined that unless they are granted permission to raise their freight rates they will make the restrainers of their liberties pay dearly for it by bringing upon the country financial disaster, reaching losses a thousand times greater than the five per cent which they demand. It would surely in many respects be wise to placate these giants with the increase they ask, merely requiring them to render more prompt and efficient service in return.

But will this course of wisdom prevail? Possibly not. If not, we have before us already an illustration and prophecy of what may be expected. Already the railroads have laid off thousands of workman who have been employed in road construction and repairs. Already they have canceled orders for rails and equipment, which in turn has rendered idle many of the large mills, throwing other thousands out of employment. Already they are cutting down their office forces. All this is done with a certain amount of justification in the fact that they have not been making as much money as formerly. For instance, a great steel corporation’s recent report showed a “sad” falling off of revenue and profit, “leaving only $18,000,000 of profit for the quarter”; whereas they had for some time been accustomed to more. In accord with this policy, there has for some time been a gradual curtailing of train service, which is really a safe and sane policy.

We are not complaining, we are not finding fault even; we are merely recording facts, in supporting our contention that these great institutions are really giants which, if they become angry and malicious, may accomplish incalculable injury. Their power and dissatisfaction have already been hinted to the government, which is more or less fearful of the industrial suspension threatened.

On the other hand we have trades unionism, which is only beginning to realize its great power at the polls, and also its physical power through strikes. The threat of the railroad managers partially to suspend business until their demands are met may any day be duplicated by the giants of labor with their threat of suspension of labor, stoppage of fuel supply, walk‑outs, etc. It may be said that these giants of labor are blind and unwise; but nevertheless it is manifest that they, like the blind Samson of old, are feeling for the pillars which support our present social structure; and that they have in view its wreck and ruin, even though this means also the destruction of their own interests.

THE DEATH STRUGGLE NEAR

How soon these great giants will enter upon their death struggle, each confident of victory, yet both doomed to destruction, no one can tell. Sure we may be however, that in the battle of these giants the masses of mankind will suffer with them in the ordeal.

Looking from the Bible viewpoint, we perceive that these giants have reached their present size and strength through the light and blessings of the Millennial morning. Had the veil of gross darkness been lifted a thousand years sooner, these giants would have developed that much sooner; and their death struggle would have come that much sooner; and its resultant overthrow of present institutions in anarchy. But God would not permit this. It is no part of His plan to allow human passion utterly to desolate the earth. Hence, He withheld the morning light until the morning time, so that the struggle and its disastrous effects upon human institutions will occur just in advance of the time for the establishment of Messiah’s kingdom, for the control of the world by its spiritual, invisible, but all‑powerful King, who is so soon to take unto Himself His great power and reign. (Revelation 11:17,18; 19:6; Psalm 99:1)

How soon this great catastrophe will engulf the world none is wise enough to say, yet the trouble is discerned and feared by all persons of intelligence, but more particularly by those whose intelligence is guided by the Word of God. The catastrophe may be put off for months or years, but it is sure to come. And we can see how it might be suddenly precipitated. Even as we write, the newspapers are echoing the mutterings and threats of the labor giants, while the capitalistic giants are admittedly feeling sour, and are half inclined to give the public a pinch as a mere suggestion of what they could do. It is these hints, suggestions and threats which are likely to lead from bad to worse, producing anger, malice, hatred, strife, and various works of the flesh and of the devil as St. Paul intimated.

“SEEK PEACE AND PURSUE IT”

Whether this Great Trouble be very near or further afield, the proper course of God’s consecrated people is the same – “Seek peace and pursue it.” And not only so, but we are to be peace‑makers and not strife‑breeders. When all around men’s souls give way, a special opportunity comes to the people of God for pointing their distressed fellow‑creatures to the grand blessing which God has provided for the near future, and for re‑establishing faith in the Creator and in the future life, and for pointing out that it is to be attained only by those who learn the true lesson of life and who come to love righteousness and to hate iniquity.

We would be inclined to expect this great trouble to break out very soon were it not that the Scriptures apparently indicate that it will be preceded by a very powerful Church Federation, which will flourish outwardly in unrighteousness and which will be the first to succumb.

“I can see his coming judgments, as they circle all the earth,

The signs and groanings promised, to precede a second birth;

I read his righteous sentence in the crumbling thrones of earth;

Our King is marching on.”

(Reprints of 5457‑5459 of Watch Tower, May 15, 1914. Please notice that it was in 1914 when That Servant wrote this article.)