NO. 552 "THERE SHALL BE NO MORE CURSE"

The various writings that have been presented during this Laodicean period have carried copious references and explanations concerning the curse.  No doubt this is due to the fact that “the time is at hand” (Rev. 22:10) to make the subject crystal clear.  In Genesis 3:17 we find the sentence against Adam: “Cursed is the ground for thy sake”; and in Revelation 22:3 is the statement, “There shall be no more curse.”  The Diaglott states it thus, “There will be no more any accursed thing.”  The “accursed thing” in this text refers to “death and hell” which would be cast into the lake of fire.  Here are the Berean Comments: Death - including aches, pains, mental and moral imperfections of every sort; and Hell - Hades, oblivion, the great prison house of the tomb in which mankind awaits a resurrection.”  Thus, Hell is the actual death state of man, with death referring to all the infirmities which have afflicted the human race for the past six thousand years.  Therefore, the eradication of the curse includes not only the elimination of the death state, but also those things that have been incidental to producing death - including persons and things.

Pertinent to the foregoing is this quotation from Parousia Volume 5, p. 193: “Thus shall the great Jehovah and His Spirit of Holiness and all who ally themselves thereto finally triumph, and sin and Satan and the spirit of evil shall be forever extinguished and there shall be no more curse. (Isa. 28:17; 1 Cor. 4:5; 6:2; Acts 3:23; 2 Thes. 1:9; Rev. 22:3)”

All the present evils are the gradual result of the disobedience in Eden, Adam bearing the direct responsibility.  And in direct contrast, the second Adam (the Lord from Heaven) will be directly responsible for the complete elimination of these evils.  This is very clearly related in Heb. 2:14: “Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, He [Jesus] likewise took part of the same; that through death He might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil.”  Clearly enough, if the devil has the power over death, death itself cannot possibly be forever eliminated until the one responsible for death - that is the devil - is also eliminated.

It is stated that he (an angel from Heaven) “laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, and cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.” (Rev. 20:1-3)  Self-evidently if he who “has the power over death” is not destroyed at the beginning of the “little season,” then death also will not be destroyed at the beginning of the “little season.”  This leaves but one logical conclusion - namely, death (the dying process) will not be completely eliminated until “that old serpent” is likewise eliminated - and this will not take place until the full end of the “little season.”  “Then cometh the end [the end of the “little season”] when He [Jesus] shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when He shall have put all enemies under His feet.  The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.” (1 Cor. 15:24-26)  It should be emphasized here that “Hell” (the Adamic death state) will have been cast into “the lake of fire” many years before the Little Season even begins, when the last one of Adam’s race has been awakened, so “Hell” cannot possibly be the “last enemy.”  Therefore, the “last enemy” has to be the Adamic death process.

All during the thousand years that Satan is bound the foregoing evils will be gradually destroyed.  As each one comes forth from the tomb, Hades (the actual death state) will be instantaneously destroyed for that particular individual; and inasmuch as each person will be allowed at least one hundred years (Isa. 65:20) to make some progress up the “highway of holiness” (Isa. 35:8), it follows that the actual death state that has been inherited by all from Father Adam must be completely eliminated at least one hundred years before the “little season” begins.

But with the dying process (all the evils - aches, pains, mental, moral and religious imperfections) it will be considerably different.  The release from the tomb for each one is brought about without any assistance or foreknowledge from such persons; it is a gift from God through Jesus.  This is well described in Psalms 103:2,3: “Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all His benefits: Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; Who healeth all thy diseases.”  Jesus made His soul an offering for sin, which guarantees to every man release from that iniquity that was inherited through Father Adam.  “He will destroy in this mountain [the Kingdom of God, the New Jerusalem] the face of the covering cast over all people [Hades, the death state], and the vail [of superstition and ignorance] that is spread over all nations.  He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of His people [sin and error] shall He take away from off all the earth.” (Isa. 25:7,8)  The forgiveness of iniquities and the healing of diseases will be a free gift from God to every one as he emerges from the tomb; but the elimination of the various defects now inherent in man will only be eliminated by the cooperation of each individual himself - and those who do not wish to cooperate will, after one hundred years, die the second death - will be cast into the figurative “lake of fire, which is the second death.” (Rev. 20:14 - also see Acts 3:23)

As the “little season” arrives, all who reach that time will have been freed from all physical imperfection - their physical diseases will all have been healed.  But with some their mental and moral diseases will yet be present (the Adamic Death Process will yet be present with them in their unholy hearts’ condition); and thus will come the division of the sheep and the goats of Matthew 25:31-46: “Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand [the sheep], Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.” (Matt. 25:34)  “Then shall He say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from Me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire [the second death], prepared for the devil and his angels.” (v. 41)  This clear separation, rewarding and sentencing to the “lake of fire” can occur only at the full end of the “little season”; the sheep could not receive a free, clear and unencumbered title to the Kingdom until all evil persons and things have been fully obliterated.  Then will be fulfilled the promise, “They shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain [the microbes of disease and pestilence will be fully restrained]; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.” (Isa. 11:9)  “There shall be no night [error] there… for the Lord God giveth them light [the pure truth].” (Rev. 22:5)  “They shall all know Me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” (Jer. 31:34)

Following is a statement from E-12-260: “In the Millennium He will actually heal all the physical, mental, artistic, moral and religious faculties and their contents of the unbelief class as from the heart they accept His medicines and other healing helps.  The following Scriptures prove this: Jer. 3:22; 30:17; 33:6; Hosea 6:1; 14:4; Psa. 107:20; 67:2; Ezek. 47 1,8,9,12; Rev. 22:1-3; Mal. 4:2.  Thus our Lord as the Good Physician heals the faith class now, and will heal the unbelief class in the Millennium from the physical, mental, artistic, moral and religious diseases that sin and the curse [the Adamic death process] have brought upon them.”

And continuing from E-12-310: “The ransom price guarantees that there will be gradually given to the whole world what it lost in Adam, if and as it obeys in the next Age (Luke 19:10; 1 Cor. 15:21-26; 1 John 3:8; Heb. 1:8; 10:12,13; Rev. 20:4-9; Heb. 9:23).  And through the ransom-price Jesus and the Church as the tree of life will actually give to the obedient world all that Adam lost for it - perfect humanity and life, the right to life and its life-rights (Rev. 21:3-5; 22:1-3; Acts 3:19-21).”

Follows now Hosea 13:14: “I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.”  In the sense of rescuing from the power of the grave, the Elect Church will also have part in the restitution process; and, just as various plagues, injuries, violence in various forms now send men to that great abode “where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary be at rest,” so just the reverse is promised under the Kingdom.  Then, instead of the people being plagued with diseases, it is the diseases that will be “plagued” out of the people.  Also, the Adamic death process (the evils inherited and acquired under the curse) will be “plagued” out of the people - the willing and obedient.

Complementing the above is this from E-17-428: “We have now studied Millennial testimonies all the way from Genesis up to and including the last chapter of Revelation: from the time, after the curse of sin and death came upon the human family through Adam’s sin, that God promised Abraham that through him and his seed all the families of the earth would be blessed, until the time that the great Seed of Abraham, the Christ, Head and Body, developed during the Gospel Age, will have reigned over the earth as kings and priests for a thousand years and blessed all the families of the earth, living and dead, with the opportunity of obtaining everlasting life on a perfected earth; until the Adamic death state and the Adamic dying process (1 Cor. 15:26) will have been destroyed, and there will be no more curse; until Satan (Ezek. 28:19; Heb. 2:14), the unrepentant fallen angels (Matt. 25:41) and the ‘goat’ class - all the wicked (Psa. 145:20) - will have been utterly, completely and eternally annihilated in the Second Death, symbolized by the lake of fire [and by the Red Sea destruction of Pharaoh and his hosts] - ‘they shall be as though they had not been’ (Obad. 16).  Then ‘the righteous shall see it and rejoice: and all iniquity shall stop her mouth.’ (Psa. 107:42)  Sin shall never rise again.  God will be glorified forever and ever by perfect creatures, both in heaven and on earth.  ‘And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto Him that setteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb forever and ever.’”

GRADUAL WORKINGS OF THE CURSE

The question would seem in order here: Did Adam immediately realize the workings of the curse in him after the disobedience?  We would say he felt no physical discomfort.  Genesis 3:22,23 would seem to confirm this: “Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, least he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever: Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden.”  Here is a clear statement that the man could have continued living forever - even after the transgression - had he been allowed to remain in his ideal home.

However, there is no doubt that he had great mental disturbance because of what he had done.  “I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid.” (Gen. 3:10)  Here then appears the first human weakness to afflict man, which became greatly magnified in the human race as the years ticked on; and it is probably true that today it is present in varying degrees in every member of the human family.  Shakespeare disputes this conclusion: “Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant only taste of death but once.  Of all the things I yet have heard it seems to me most strange that men should fear, seeing that death, a necessary end, will come when it will come.”  Of course this statement is the contention of the fatalist; and it finds no support whatever in the Bible.  Nevertheless, some are much less oppressed by fear than others.  We find some people afraid of the dark; others imagine that some one is always chasing them.  Of the Jews it is written that if they would “despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but break my covenant, then ye shall flee when none pursueth you.” (Lev. 26:15-17)  About like the boy that ran from his own shadow.

A second defect - now universally common among men - immediately showed itself in Adam - that of blaming some one else for his mistakes.  “The woman whom Thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.” (Gen. 3:12)  The impudence of this remark is readily apparent: It was God’s fault that Adam disobeyed; had He not given Adam the woman, none of this would have happened.  This second failing also has been greatly expanded during the years that have followed.

Even so, these two things would not have been sufficient to inflict the death penalty upon the disobedient man; he could have continued to live forever had he been allowed to remain in Eden.  Therefore, “He drove the man out, and placed… a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.” (Gen. 3:24)  And it was only after he was faced with the trialsome task of keeping alive under very unfavorable circumstances (“cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee… till thou return unto the ground” - Gen. 3:17-19), that the aches, pains, mental and moral imperfections of every sort made their appearance, and have pyramided over the years.  Such things are now accepted as a way of our life even by the finest minds, because none are able to escape the ravages of decay to be seen on every hand.  And, while some eat their bread with a minimum of “sweat of the brow,” yet all do eat it with plenty of sorrow.  All are now resigned to the fact that “The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.” (Jer. 31:29)  As Adam had to learn by experience what he could not learn by instruction, so all his descendants are being similarly educated.  “Cursed is the ground for thy sake.” (Gen. 3:17)

Outside of Eden the earth was not prepared to perpetuate life in keeping with the ideal conditions that had prevailed in the Garden.  This condition of the earth outside of Eden was not the result of the transgression; it had been that way all along - and was simply then used as a convenience to exact the sentence “in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.” (Gen. 2:17)  This would be better expressed “dying thou shalt die”; the execution of the sentence was a gradual one - eroding process, which was fully completed when Adam entered the tomb.  “Adam lived 930 years: and he died.” (Gen. 5:5)  After the great deluge the dying process was greatly accelerated, the evidence of which is clearly apparent to this day.

However, for more than one hundred years now we have been “In the day of His preparation” (Nahum 2:3) - the preparation for the new order which will “wipe the tears from off all faces.”  This has been easing many of the backbreaking burdens of the past; but the span of life has not been greatly increased thereby.  While it is true that the “average” age of life has been raised considerably, this is mostly due to fewer dying in infancy; there is yet no comparison to Moses, for instance: “Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died; his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.” (Duet. 34:7)  Also, much of the earth itself has been improved, although none of it is yet perfect and is very untamed, very imperfect.

THE WRATH - THE CURSE

These two expressions are often used interchangeably, as can be seen from the following in Parousia Volume 5, p, 439: “The ‘wrath,’ the ‘curse’ will be lifted from all who come into harmony with God through Jesus the Savior, and all who do not avail themselves of this grace will be swallowed up of the Second Death - for ‘the wrath of God abideth on them’ (Acts 3:23; John 3:36; Rev. 22:3).”

However, though the “curse” has but one application, applying to both man and the earth, yet the “wrath” has a broad and a specific definition.  When Job exclaimed, “O that thou wouldst hide me in the grave till thy wrath be past” (Job 14:13), he was using its general meaning.  But other Scriptures speak of a specific time - a “day of wrath.”  “The Lord shall strike through kings in the day of His wrath.” (Psa. 110:5)  And Zeph. 1:14,15: “The great day of the Lord is near… That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress,” of which we see plenty all about us now.  Also Revelation 6:17: “The great day of His wrath is come; and who shall be able to stand?”  This “day of wrath” began in its broad sense in 1874; but in its narrow sense it began in 1914, when the violent features of the Time of Trouble broke forth.  Since that date we have been living in that period of time known as the Epiphany, and which will continue for some years yet - until the end of Jacob’s Trouble - after Anarchy has leveled all existing institutions.

This “day of wrath” in its limited sense has been designed for the world in general, and for a specific class in particular - “the great multitude, which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.” (Rev. 7:14)  But this day is decidedly not for God’s faithful people: “We are not of the night, nor of darkness… For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.” (1 Thes. 5:5-9)  However, some sections of the earth, and some people in particular, may experience much less of the “overflowing scourge,” the day of wrath (Isa. 28:18) - than will others.  Thus Zephaniah 2:3 offers the counsel, “Seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid in the day of the Lord’s wrath.”

Complementing the foregoing is the following from Parousia Volume 5, p. 410: “Hence, this Day of Vengeance and of special wrath, additional to what has prevailed previously, it is declared, will be ‘A time of trouble such as was not since there was a nation.’  God’s saints are assured that they shall be accounted worthy to escape all those things coming upon the world, and to stand before the Son of Man.  They shall escape this special wrath, but they do not escape the general wrath which is revealed from heaven against all unrighteousness.  They share this with the world, in many respects, and yet there is this finely drawn distinction, which the Scriptures clearly point out:

“Those who accept Christ during this Age and who make a full consecration of themselves to him, are reckoned as having passed from death unto life; as having escaped the wrath, the curse, ‘escaped the corruption that is on the world.’ (2 Peter 1:4; 2:18,20)  True, they are still in the world, still subject to death, and may still share with the world the sickness, pain, sorrow and trouble incidental to the curse, and from the worldly standpoint there is no difference; but from God’s standpoint, which is to be the believer’s standpoint, there is a wide difference.  Such are not reckoned any longer as dying because of Divine ‘curse’ or wrath, but in view of their justification and subsequent presentation as living sacrifices their death is reckoned as part of Christ’s sacrifice… ‘If we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him.’ (Rom. 6:8)”

A GLARING ERROR

In recent years the Jehovah’s Witnesses have been loud in their claim that they are now separating the sheep and the goats of the great parable spoken by our Lord in Matthew 25:31-46.  Concerning that time, when the true separation will be proceeding, there is this prophetic statement: “Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet.” (Isa. 28:17)  Properly interpreted, this text can mean only that earth’s affairs in that day will be squared and plumbed with righteousness and brought into strict conformity thereto.  Manifestly, this could be accomplished only through perfection of administration.  We doubt that even the Witnesses would claim perfection for themselves; thus, their present attempt to do something perfectly through imperfect agents can be described only as glaring error - a spiritual mirage.  Since they have taken over there has been no relief whatever from the curse; rather, just the reverse has occurred - “the evil day” is becoming daily more apparent and distressing.

In previous papers we have detailed the striking similarity of the Witnesses to the Roman Catholic Church; and on this particular aberration concerning the sheep and the goats they offer almost identical deception.  When the Roman Church was in its hey-day, they also were separating the sheep and the goats, except that they consigned their goats (the heretics) to eternal torment, as they promised their sheep eternal bliss in heaven.  Today the Witnesses predict eternal extinction in Armageddon to the goats (all outside their organization), as they promise their sheep eternal life here on earth.  Very few people want to die; thus, the promise of eternal life with unbroken bliss - either in heaven or on earth - is a very appealing enticement.  They are telling them something they want to hear.

But the facts of the case belie their claims.  During the thousand-year counterfeit of the Roman Church from 799 to 1799 the curse probably exceeded all previous exhibition - a time known as The Dark Ages.  And now, since the counterfeit reign of the Witnesses - from 1914 up to the present - the curse once more is exceeding all previous experiences - “iniquity shall abound” (Matt. 24:12) - “a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nation, even to that same time” (Dan. 12:1) - a clear statement that the curse would be worse than at any previous time.  Instead of “no more curse,” there is curse more abundant; instead of “no more death,” death is everywhere rampant, and it is taking its toll with the Witnesses along with others of the human race.  Even though we are living in the Epiphany - the bright shining - insofar as the curse is concerned we are living in the “little Dark Ages,” which will continue through Anarchy until the Kingdom is established.  But to the errorists, “God will send to them an energy of delusion, to their believing the falsehood.” (2 Thes. 2:11, Dia.)  Instead of “every man knowing the Lord,” many of those living today know little or nothing of the real God.

But when the real Kingdom is established, the truth will be clear and convincing - there will be no error there - physical, mental and moral diseases will be gradually healed, as the individual cooperates with the Kingdom rules.  A far cry from these two counterfeit reigns!  Real Bible students have been taught what to expect in that glorious Kingdom.  Isaiah Chapter 35 gives a beautiful picture of the Kingdom - and we have seen none of this in the two counterfeit kingdoms.

THE DOUBLE CURSE

While the curse has been passed on from generation to generation, including all nations, there has been a double curse upon a small segment of the human family; namely, upon the Jews.  A hint of this is given by St. Paul in Rom. 7:9: “I was alive without the law once: but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died.”  Here the Apostle is speaking not only for himself, but for the whole Jewish race.  Just what is he trying to tell us?  Simply this - all men, including the Jews, were promised relief from the curse through the promise given to Abraham: “In thy seed shall all nations of the earth be blessed” (Gen. 22:18); but, when they agreed to keep the Law given to them through Moses at Sinai, they promised more than they could perform, which placed a double liability upon them - one inherited from Father Adam, and one from their broken agreement to keep the law.  That perfect law was far beyond the reach of the imperfect Jews.  St. Paul confirms this conclusion in Rom. 7:10,11: “And the commandment, which was ordained to life, I found to be unto death.  For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it slew me.”

Then the words of Jesus in John 3:14: “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up.”  Referring to this same situation, St. Paul says in Gal. 3:13: “Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us [which relieved the Jews of the double curse resting on them through their inability to keep the law]: for it is written [Duet. 21:22,23], Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.”

However, although the Jews have been under a double curse, they will also be the recipients of a double blessing when that double curse is lifted from them.  This is well stated by That Servant as follows: “At the inauguration of the new Age of blessing, natural Israel will be granted a special place and privilege; ‘for the gifts and calling of God are not things to be repented of.’  We see how in another way, also, this special privilege will come to them; namely, in that the law has been more or less of restraint upon them in their daily lives as a people.  They have had more or less of loyalty to God, which had kept them separate from other nations.  This special privilege of pre-eminence in the Messianic Kingdom, however, will not be granted to all who are Jews by blood; but only to those who prove loyal to the law and the prophets - those who are Jews at heart, and not merely outwardly.  All others are merely Gentiles. (Rom. 2:28,29)

“The earthly phase of the Kingdom will be composed of the Ancient Worthies of the Ages preceding the First Advent of our Lord.  Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Job, and the Hebrew prophets and other faithful ones will be in power as ‘princes in all the earth.’ (Psa. 45:16 - also see Hebrews Chapter 11)  The orthodox Jews will be more ready to receive the blessing of the new dispensation promptly than will any other people.  Therefore, they will have the first blessing [a double blessing for their double curse] - not by reason of partiality on God’s part in showing favor to these people, but by virtue of the fact that He made a covenant with them as the posterity of faithful Abraham.”  (Reprint 5964, col. 1, October 1, 1916)

  Commenting further on this same thing, there is this on pp. 204, 205 of the Book of Covenants: “Since the Mediatorial work of the Millennial Kingdom is to be accomplished through Natural Israel, and since all the families of the earth are to be blessed through them, it follows that nothing can be done until Israel shall have been recovered from their present outcast condition.  Then the blessing of the Lord will go forth… will be accomplished through Natural Israel…

“Then, as the people of the various nations shall gather themselves to the Lord and seek to come into harmony with Him, the way of approach will be by coming into accord with the Holy Nation - God’s representative Kingdom in the world… The New Covenant is not to be made with any others than the Jews, for no others were in Covenant relationship with God.  The words ‘New Covenant’ seem, therefore, to indicate the repetition of God’s favor to Israel under the better Mediator, who will bring the glorious blessings that they had expected under Moses, but failed to obtain because of the inability of Moses to make satisfaction for their sins; for the blood of bulls and goats could never actually take away their sins.  The antitypes of these, the sacrifice of the Lord and members of His Body, must first be accomplished before this New Covenant with Israel could supersede the old or Law Covenant, which it then will do.”

While the New Covenant will have its initial working at the beginning of the Mediatorial reign, the full effects of the promise “There shall be no more curse” will not be realized until the full end of the Little Season - when the curse (all the evils which now afflict the human race), and all those afflicted with it in any manner, will be forever obliterated.  Then will come “the end” of 1 Corinthians15:24 - “when He shall have put down all rule and all authority and power” - when He shall have destroyed him that has power over death, that is to say the Devil. Let us not forget, “Wherefore the Law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.” (Gal. 3:24)

“Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding.  For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.” (Prov. 3:13,14)

(By John J. Hoefle, Reprint 347, May 1984)  

NO. 551 THE BIBLE

The request has come to us that we offer a treatise on the Bible, and it is our fond hope that all our readers may benefit from the effort.  We have acted upon the suggestion because we believe a clear understanding about the Bible is perhaps as confused and misleading with the majority in Christendom as an understanding of the things taught in the Bible.  The word Bible is from the Greek biblia, meaning little books, of which there are 66 in the Protestant Bible - and 80 in the Catholic Bible, which includes the 14 Apocryphal books.  Thus, when it states in Revelations 20:12 “The books were opened,” it may just as properly be said, “The Bible was opened” - that is, the Bible was explained, made clear.

The most popular work among English-speaking people of Christendom is what is commonly designated the King James Version, which is an elegant piece of work from a literary standpoint, but is admitted by scholars to have about 20,000 mistakes in it.  Therefore, it is not the Bible, but a translation of the Bible; and this conclusion may be recorded of every other translation, although some translations show much less defect than others.  It was about 1610 that King James of England (whose name attaches to the King James Version) selected 56 outstanding scholars in England, divided them into seven or eight groups, and assigned to each group a certain section of the Bible for translation.  Before they had finished seven or eight of them had died, but the work was finally completed.  And, considering the material at hand, the difficulties of the times, the deep-rooted errors in the minds of the men involved in the work (such as eternal torment as the wages of sin, the immortality of the soul, etc.), we would conclude that they did a commendable piece of work.  The King James version of the Bible is yet today the world’s best seller of all publications.

The decree of King James was probably instigated by the effort of the Roman Catholics to introduce a Bible of their own - known as the Douay (France) Version - the first edition of which appeared in 1582, reprinted at Antwerp in 1600, and again in 1621, with a fourth edition coming off the press in 1633 at Rouen.  The fifth edition - much the same as the previous four - appeared in 1728; but a sweeping revision was attempted by Bishop Challoner in 1749-52.  His purpose was “to meet the  practical want felt by the Catholics of his day of a Bible with notes more suitable to the time.”  His changes were so many and so much different than the original Douay attempt, that Cardinal Newman declared it to be almost a new edition entirely - no longer sensible to refer to it as the Douay Version.  Said he: “It has been altered and modified until scarcely any verse is as it was when originally published.”  And in all of their editions there are copious footnotes to give the Catholic interpretation of the Scripture involved; but these, too, have had to be revised along with their translation of the text itself.

Akin to the foregoing is the course of Jehovah’s Witnesses with their Bible, which they have translated to fit their own ideas of what they wish the text to say.  A classic example of this is their book copyrighted in 1963, and titled All Scripture Is Inspired of God And Beneficial - a pseudo-translation of 2 Timothy 3:16,17.  Even the veriest novice should know that the word is is not in the original text at all - because the word is is in italics, indicating no corresponding word in the original.  Furthermore, Webster’s first definition of scripture is “anything written”; and in later detail he says “Any sacred writing; as Buddhist scripture.”  We assume the Witnesses would in no sense consider the Buddhist scripture as “inspired of God and beneficial,” yet their caption on the 1963 book would indicate they do believe it.  A proper translation of 2 Timothy 3:16,17 is this: “All Scripture that is God-inbreathed is beneficial.”  That is, inspired Scripture - that which results from the Holy Spirit in the sense given by St. Peter, “Holy men of old spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit,” is profitable.  This leaves no doubt about the real meaning and purpose of St. Paul’s words.

There are very many translations of the Bible, some much better than others.  Many of them have fewer mistakes than the King James Version, but none of them equal the King James in literary style and fluency of reading.  The best of modern translations for both the Old and the New Testament is probably the one by Dr. Joseph Bryant Rotherham.  The honesty and humility of the learned Doctor are revealed beautifully in his prefaced statement:  “It must be obvious to all, that just in proportion to the importance of these documents must be the obligation to translate them as accurately and adequately as possible; and since in the very nature of things no translation can be perfect, improvement is always possible… It remains only to render in hearty thanks to the scholars whose labors have made this work possible… but first and last - especially in view of preserved life and eyesight and mental freshness - to Him from whom all blessings flow.”

As an example of Doctor Rotherham’s intention to be scrupulously honest in his work, we cite his translation of the word Hell.  This word occurs 31 times in the Old Testament of the King James Version.  Each time it is translated from the Hebrew Sheol; but this same word Sheol is also translated 31 times by the word Grave, and three times by the word Pit.  Thus, Sheol occurs 65 times in all in the Old Testament.  In the New Testament the word Hell occurs 23 times - eleven times from the Greek Hades, eleven times from the Greek Gehenna, and once from the Greek Tartaroo.  The Hebrew Sheol is the exact equivalent of the Greek Hades; and recognizing the prevailing confusion about the meaning of the subject of Hell (his translation was copyrighted in 1897, after about twenty years of work in its preparation), he did not attempt to provide and English word for it in his Bible.  Thus, in the 65 times that Sheol occurs in the Old Testament the Doctor simply uses the Greek word Hades, which is exactly the same in meaning as the Hebrew Sheol; it means oblivion, or the death state.  In the New Testament he leaves the eleven occurrences of Hades just as it is in the original, as he also does with Gehenna; although he does give some English words for the Greek Tartaroo: “pits of gloom in the lowest Hades.” (2 Peter 2:4)  From this example it will be noted that he did not attempt to read his own beliefs into his translation, and this tends to make it a superior piece of work.  

THE BIBLE WRITERS — OLD TESTAMENT

For the 39 books of the Old Testament (not counting the 14 apocryphal books, which are not in the King James, but are included in the Douay version) there are 24 writers, the same being styled the “24 elders” in Rev. 4:4, etc.  St. Peter says of them that they were “holy men of God who spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.” (2 Peter 1:21)  It should be noted that all of them were Jews, and some of them were among the finest intellects ever to appear among the entire human race.  We shall consider only a few of them:

MOSES - Just a little reflection should convince us that he was one of the greatest intellects of all time.  He spent forty days in Mount Sinai with God, receiving instructions of a wide variety.  He could be counted remarkable if we consider only the tabernacle construction, the dimensions, style, construction and material with which the different items of furniture were to be made; and all of these Moses remembered in finest detail — did all exactly according to "the pattern showed him in the Mount."  We need but to read those instructions in Exodus, Leviti­cus, Numbers and Deuteronomy; then reflect how long it might require of us to fix those things clearly in mind after having them before us on the written page.  But Moses remembered all without anything written out for him.  As an executive, a law‑giver, and administrator he was also among the foremost of all time.  And even in his death he was phenomenal.  "Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died:  his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated." (Deut. 34:7)  And the poet gives sublime expression to that final event in his life:

By Nebo’s lonely mountain, 

On this side Jordan’s wave, 

In a vale in the land of Moab

There lies a lonely grave; 

And no man knows that sepulcher,

And no man saw it e’er; 

For angels of God upturned the sod 

And laid the dead man there. 

That was the grandest funeral

That ever passed on earth;

But no man heard the trampling 

Or saw the train go forth; 

Noiselessly as the daylight

Comes when the night is done,

And the crimson streak on ocean’s cheek

Grows into the great sun.

This was the truest warrior

That ever buckled sword;

This the most gifted poet 

That ever breathed a word; 

And never earth’s philosopher traced,

With his golden pen,

On the deathless page, truths half so sage

As he wrote down for man.

God hath His mysteries to grace,

Ways that we cannot tell,

He hides them deep like the hidden sleep

Of him He loved so well.

He may well be regarded as perhaps the grandest character that ever lived, and the Jews have a saying that God kissed him there that final night.

DAVID - He is the greatest religious poet ever to be found in Israel and probably in the entire world.  The Psalms which he wrote are in poetry in the Hebrew.  Next to Moses, he is probably the greatest intellect among the Jewish race - a great general, a gifted ruler and administrator - a very versatile man.  And this is all the more remark­able when we consider his humble boyhood and his phenomenal rise to power.  "I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over My people, over Israel... and have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth." (2 Sam. 7:8,9)  Unlike Moses, who was reared in the palatial surroundings of the Egyptian court, David's early life was spent in the peaceful hills of Israel as a lowly sheep boy.  To arise from such surroundings to the pinnacle of his nation would self evidently place him head and shoulders above his fellows, many of whom had greatly supe­rior advantages of physique, birth, family, wealth, etc.  He is one not to be easily dis­counted from whatever angle we view him.

SOLOMON - Solomon is familiarly known as “The wise man,” and for good cause.  “God said, Lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee.  God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much… Solomon’s wisdom exceeded the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt.  For he was wiser than all men… his fame was in all the nations round about.  And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five.  And he spake of trees… of beasts, and of fowl, of creeping things, of fishes.  And there came all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all the kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.” (1 Kings 3:12; 4:29-34)  While the Proverbs of Solomon are most familiar to the general public, his masterpiece of expression is to be found in the Book of Job, which many scholars regard as the finest piece of poetry in existence.  Even Gibbon, an unbeliever, ascribes the supreme place of all literature to the book of Job.  It is so superb in the Hebrew that it cannot be properly translated into English; therefore, the poetic force of Job is lost to the English reader.  Thus, in some respects Solomon outshone his illustrious father David.

 ISAIAH - He is regarded by many as the gentleman of the Old Testament, which is reflected in his scholarly writings.  According to tradition, he was of royal blood - at least of noble descent, but there is no certainty about this.  However, the quality of his writings reflects a finely tuned intellect.  Some of his statements offer proof apparent that he was indeed one of those “holy men of old who spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit,” as evidence Isaiah 44:28: “Cyrus, he is My shepherd, and shall perform all My pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid.”  This Scripture was written about 200 years before King Cyrus was born; therefore, it can only be attributed to inspiration.  And the same may be said about the 53rd chapter of the book, which offers the very minute details of Jesus’ experiences when He was on earth - even forecasting that he would die in company with criminals.  “He hath poured out His soul unto death: and He was numbered with the transgressors.”  This was written about 800 years before Jesus’ appearance on earth, and could have been predicted only through inspiration, as the writer was “moved by the Holy Spirit.”  Isaiah, too, must be counted with the great intellects of all time.

THE NEW TESTAMENT WRITERS

As stated, the 39 books of the Old Testament were all written by Jews; and all of the 27 books of the New Testament were also written by Jews - excepting only the Gospel by Luke.  And when we consider that St. Paul dictated that book to Luke, then we may say with assurance that all 27 of the books were written by Jews.  Thus, the entire Bible of 66 books has come to us through Jewish writers.  And this poses an intriguing theory:  Either the New Testament writers also "spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit," or they were rank frauds.  As we examine the record, it is not too difficult to determine which supposi­tion is the correct one.  While it is true, that most of the Apostles were "ignorant and unlearned men" (Acts 4:13), there is no evidence of this at all in their writings.  Thus, their coarse exterior must have received a speedy overhaul, or they wrote what they did by inspiration.  But the question logically arises, if they were frauds, what benefit did they receive from their knavery?  We know that all of them suffered much privation, and most of them came to a violent end - extremely so in the case of Peter, who is reported to have been crucified head down; Paul who had his head chopped off in Rome; and James was killed with a sword in Jerusalem.  It is also rumored that John was thrown into a kettle of boiling oil.  However, we shall offer detail on only two of the Apostles:

ST. PAUL - This Apostle was a master logician, a lawyer, a Pharisee, from a wealthy and influential family in Israel - a man who had everything according to the standards of this world.  Hear, then, his own statement of his estimation of it:  "I esteem all things to be a loss, an account of the excellency of the knowledge of the Anointed Jesus my Lord; on whose account I suffered the loss of all things, and consider them to be vile refuse, so that I may gain Christ." (Phil. 3:8, Dia.)  If this statement be true - and even his critics do not dispute it - then his sincerity is not to be doubted.  It is contrary to all human logic and thinking that a man should perpetrate fraud to bring great loss upon him­self; so we are forced to the evident conclusion that Paul must be classed with those "holy men of old who spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit."

ST. JOHN - He is described as “that disciple whom Jesus loved” because of his warm affability and open sincerity.  Next to St. Paul, he is the most copious writer of the New Testament - although the Gospel that bears his name, and the Revelation are presumed to have been written during the last ten years of the first century A.D.  That would be about sixty years after Jesus had died and would put John close to 100 years of age.  Yes, even at that advanced age he has given us in minute and fluent detail the happenings of the last night before Jesus died - chapters 13 through 19 of the Gospel bearing his name; and he provides in those chapters an exact reproduction of the prayer given by Jesus that night, along with some of the most sublime and appealing of all Scripture.  This, too, we conclude would have been impossible at his advanced age had he not written by inspiration.

CONCLUSION - With this sort of evidence to guide us, we ask in wonder why the Jews have not raised the same questions.  With the many keen and brilliant men in their nation since the dispersion in A.D. 70, it is one of the marvels of the Age that such overwhelming logic should not have persuaded them to inquire into the matter.  St. Paul did recognize this situation, and he offers the proper answer: “Brethren [addressed to the Gentiles], that you may not be conceited with yourselves, I wish you not to be ignorant of this secret, that blindness in part is happened to Israel." (Rom. 11:25)  In Psalms 107:17 David has offered a proper appraisal of their situation: “Fools because of their transgression [they crucified the Lord of Glory], and because of their iniquities [sins against the Mosaic Law Covenant], are afflicted.”  All plainly in evidence during this entire Age since A.D. 70.

THE BIBLE’S AUTHENTICITY

There is no original text of the Hebrew Old Testament.  The originals had been scrupu­lously preserved by the Jewish priests, so much so that they would have given their lives to preserve them; but Nebuchadnezzar and his army were more than the priests could with­stand.  Therefore, when he overcame Jerusalem in the Fall of 607 B.C., the sacred writings suffered at his hands, as did also the sacred vessels of the temple.  "He broke down the walls of Jerusalem... And took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door, and the principal scribe... and three‑score men of the people... and slew them at Riblah." (2 Kings. 25:9‑21)  This account tells what was done with the sacred vessels: they were demolished and carried away to Babylon for their in­trinsic value.  But nothing at all is said about the sacred writings.

However, it would seem reasonable that some zealous keeper of those writings did suc­ceed in preserving them, because the Massoretes, who were Hebrew scholars during the years A.D. 450 to 900, worked on the writings then in existence and produced what is commonly known as the Massoretic text.  After they completed their work, they destroyed all other texts, leaving only the product of their own minds.  But it seems they did a commendable job, so much so that Dr. C. D. Ginsberg used their work in his recension of the Hebrew Bible, the latter being one of the foremost of Old Testament translations.

Then there is also the Septuagint, which is a Greek version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew.  It is so‑called because 70 (actually 72) learned Hebrews at Alexandria, Egypt, undertook in 285 B.C. to produce the Greek copy.  All things consid­ered, it is the most valuable of all translations of the Old Testament - with many margi­nal notes, some of which are valuable, but some self‑evidently wrong, in view of informa­tion now available.  Jesus and the Apostles quoted from the Septuagint, but they cor­rected it when necessary - when it contradicted well‑established teachings.

As for the New Testament, the three oldest manuscripts are the Vatican, the Sina­itic and the Alexandrian.  The Vatican (dating about A.D. 250) is in the Vatican Library in Rome and considered the Roman Church's richest treasure.  The other two (about 100 years later than the Vatican) are both in England.  There is also the Vulgate (about A.D. 400), which is the Latin translation, by Jerome.  Another very influential translation is the one by Martin Luther.  There are many others, of course, but we shall not now detail them.

THE BIBLE’S VERACITY

In view of the foregoing, the question properly arises, What are we to believe?  Admitting that the originals were by inspiration, they are now lost, so we know not def­initely what the originals contained.  Some atheists, scoffers, etc., attempt to make capital of this, which offers the conclusion that men usually believe what they want to believe.  Jesus gave us the "Golden Rule":  "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." (Matt. 7:12)  Today we find this high ideal so little practiced that the scoffers attempt to discount it because of human frailty; but the fact still stands:  A universal practice of this teaching would make immeasurable improvement in hu­man relations.  It would indeed end all wars, all violence, robbery, rapine, etc.  Thus, the critics must admit the sound philosophy and the general good that it contains.

This Rule by Jesus is the only all‑embracing teaching of known religions.  Confu­cius offered a negative in the same direction:  Whatsoever ye would not that men do to you, do not to them.  But a little analysis reveals the weakness of the statement.  In Luke 10:25‑37 is given the parable of the Good Samaritan, in which it will be noted that the Priest and the Levite passed by the man that had been beaten and robbed.  The rule of Confucius would absolve them; they did not attempt further abuse upon the victim, which was a negative attitude.  But the Rule by Jesus demands a positive response when distress is in evidence, which the Samaritan indeed did proffer.

As presently composed, the normal man is possessed of four appetites: (1) The ali­mentive, the desire for food and drink; (2) The procreative, the desire for the opposite sex; (3) The acquisitive, the desire to accumulate, to add house to house and field to field; (4) The religious, the desire to worship something higher than himself.  All of the brute creation possess the first two of these appetites, some of them possess the third, but none of them possess the fourth.  All normal men have an inherent desire to some form of religion, and this is apparent even among the lowest forms of heathen.  It has been so since the dawn of history, but without the Bible we would have nothing more to guide us than what our five senses might reveal.  Thus, the need for our Bible, which gives us much of the past, foretells much of the future, and offers elaborate laws for man's physical, mental, moral and religious guidance.  Its inherent strength is apparent by its gripping force upon any who come within its influence.  This is noticeable even among the lowly and unlearned, who gain some uplift of heart and mind merely from reading it, which demonstrates its inherent magnetic force.  It is the product of the Holy Spirit, operating through the finest minds in history, and its Divine origin is evident in that it inspires and enables men to rise above themselves, an attribute not apparent among the heathen.

One of the outstanding reasons for Christendom's superiority over the heathen is the help received from the Bible.  The laws of Moses were far superior to anything then in existence anywhere else on earth, and can logically be said to have been far ahead of their time.  In the case of Jesus Himself, He arose far beyond His natural ability after He received the Holy Spirit at Jordan when He was thirty years of age.  Before that time He could not heal the sick, raise the dead, turn water into wine, etc., all of which He did after He received the Holy Spirit.  And the same may be said for the Apostles.  They, too, arose far above their inherited strength and ability after they were "endowed with power from on high."  Viewed from this standpoint, the words of David are given added force:  "The entrance of thy word giveth light"! (Psa. 119:130)  Thus, in addition to forecasting events many years in advance of their occurrence, we have here a second reason for believing the Bible to be of Divine inspiration — a superhuman revelation.  Its immediate effect upon those who accept it is far beyond the influence of any other religious or secular writing.

THE BIBLE PLAN

A third proof of the Bible's Divine inspiration is the "plan of the ages," which it has contained since the year A.D. 100, which plan has been working according to outline before and since that date.  In Eph. 3:9‑11 St. Paul offers a clear reference to this:  "To make all men see what is the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God... according to the eternal purpose which He purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord."  This is much clearer in the Emphatic Diaglott:  "To enlighten all as to what is the administration of that secret, which has been concealed from the ages... ac­cording to a plan of the ages, which He formed for the Anointed Jesus our Lord."

It should be noted that St. Paul says this “plan” has been a “secret” during the ages, and none can dispute this statement.  The Bible itself is a book of very moderate size, as small or smaller than most textbooks in any university.  Yet the brightest minds have been unable to master it until the “due time” arrived for it to be understood.  That is because it is “here a little, and there a little” (Isa. 28:10), with the “secret” expertly kept until it should be made plain.  Without offering great detail, we notice that the “plan” embraces three “worlds” (from the Greek Kosmos, meaning order of affairs), the first one described in 2 Peter 3:6 as “the world that was” - that Kosmos, or order of affairs, that existed from creation until it “being overflowed with water, perished.”  The world that was lasted for 1656 years.

The second world, or order of affairs ("this present evil world" - Gal. 1:4), began with Noah and his wife, his three sons and their wives (a total of eight persons), who emerged from the great deluge, and has been continuing to the present time.  Accord­ing to 2 Peter 3:7, Dia., "the present heavens and the earth [this Kosmos, or order of affairs], by the same word [The Bible], are treasured up, being kept for fire [destruction] to a day of judgment and destruction of impious men" - this "destruction" being now in prog­ress, as is evidenced on every hand.

Then 2 Pet. 3:13, Dia.: "We, according to His promise, are looking for new heavens and a new earth [a new Kosmos, or order of affairs, the third world - the Kingdom] in which dwells righteousness" - just the opposite of "this present evil world."   Of that third world it is written (Rev. 21:4, Dia.): "And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death will be no more, nor mourning, nor crying; neither will there be any more pain; because the former things passed away."  This third world we now "see dimly, as through a dark glass"; and it is beyond belief except by those who now have the faith to believe it.  The forecast is clear enough:  If there be no more death or pain, then there must be perpetual youth, with ideal food, water and climate.  "And there shall be no more curse... no night [ignorance, error, superstition] there." (Rev. 22:3‑5)  In this "present evil world" it is easier to do wrong than right; in the world to come it will be easier to do right than wrong.  It is well to keep in mind that all of the Bible was written at some time during "this present evil world"; yet it is the only book that gives a clear and logical record of the happenings of the "world that was" before the flood - ­just one more proof of its Divine inspiration.   Also, skeptics may declare the "plan" briefly discussed herein is too good to be true; but we answer that it is too good not to be true.  No secular fiction writer has ever imagined anything half so good; such a plan could result only from Divine inspiration.

SUMMARY:  The Plan of the Ages mentioned aforegoing has its introduction in the first three chapters of the Bible, and its conclusion is given in the last three chapters.  In the first three chapters of Genesis we are told what man was, what he had, and why and how he lost it.  In the last three chapters of Revelation we are given man’s ultimate destiny, and how that is to be accomplished - the grand finale being the “restitution of all things” (Acts 3:19-23), restoration of what was lost in Eden.

In between the introduction and conclusion of the Plan we find seven lines of thought: doctrines, precepts, promises, exhortations, prophecies, histories and types.  And St. Paul tells us in 2 Timothy 3:15 that these teachings properly understood “are able to make thee wise unto salvation.”  He continues in verse 16 to state that these seven lines of thought serve four teaching purposes: “Doctrine, reproof [refuting], correction and instruction in righteousness.”  When clearly understood, it becomes apparent that the Apostle has itemized all the essentials in teaching and character development that man needs for his religious welfare.  Doctrine is what we believe; refuting (of error) reveals what we should not believe; correction, when properly received, rids the faults from our character (tells us what we should not do); and instruction (training) in righteousness informs us of the good things we should build into our character (what we should do).  And all of this is “profitable… that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.”  It is elemental that religion should make us better; otherwise it fails in purpose and becomes merely a ritualistic waste of time.

Of the foregoing Bible subjects, some of them are relatively easy to understand in certain of their parts, while others are intensely difficult of comprehension.  In this respect the Bible allows excellent comparison with the ocean, which is deep enough for a whale to swim in it, and shallow enough for a child to wade in it.  It is also pertinent that the Bible is not a textbook; it is rather a book of texts.  Thus, no subject of importance finds complete clarification in any one section; but it is rather “here a little, there a little.” (Isa. 28:10)  This has resulted in the apparent confusion evident in the different Christian organizations - a situation akin to the poem:

 It was six men of Hinduston,

To learning much inclined,

Went to see the elephant

Though all of them were blind.

Therefore, they had to rely upon their sense of touch; one touched the leg, on the side, one the tail, etc., which resulted in six vastly different opinions of what the elephant was really like, which produced the result:

They argued loud and long,

Though each was partly in the right,

But all of them were wrong.

A safe rule to proper understanding of the Bible is that it cannot contradict itself.  It speaks of itself as “the word of truth” (2 Tim. 2:15); and, if this be correct, then it must be truth, and not falsehood.  If our opinion of any Scripture is contradicted by other Scripture, then one of three things is wrong: We do not have the right interpretation; or we may have a mistranslation; or the text may even be spurious.  It is certain that ambitious men have attempted to impose their own opinions in some places, which has resulted in much mischief and erroneous beliefs.  It is well also to note that manifold schemes of mice and men have tried in vain to destroy the Bible, or to distort its meaning; but all of them have failed.  The Bible is still a living book, and as sturdy in its application today as it has been over the past.  There is very good reason for this: Its Author, who is perfect in Justice, Wisdom and Power, has been its Preserver; and the promise to those who rely upon it, and who have full faith in it, applies with equal force to the book itself: “No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper.” (Isa. 54:17)

It might be well here to note how foolish some of the scoffers of this Sacred Book have been, while those who had faith in its Divine inspiration and truthfulness were not so foolish.  Sir Isaac Newton, the celebrated astronomer of the seventeenth century, was greatly interested in the words of Daniel: “But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased.” (Dan. 12:4)  He declared his belief that in fulfillment of it, human knowledge would so increase that men would possibly travel at the rate of fifty miles an hour.  When Voltaire, the noted French infidel, got hold of this statement he scornfully remarked:

“Now look at the mighty mind of Newton, the great philosopher who discovered the law of gravitation; when he became an old man and got in his dotage, he began to study the book called the Bible, and in order to credit its fabulous nonsense he would have us believe that the knowledge of mankind will yet be so increased that we shall by-and-by be able to travel fifty miles an hour!  Poor dotard.”

Both of these men died long before the “Time of the End” had brought its wonderful increase of knowledge, which more than fulfils the prediction of the Christian philosopher, based upon the Divine revelation.  Fifty miles per hour is merely snail’s pace today.

The subject matter herein has been treated very briefly, perhaps too much so, yet it is our hope that enough has been said to generate interest by our readers; and to such we would quote the words of St. Paul: “Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.” (2 Tim. 2:15)

(By John J. Hoefle, Reprint No. 433, June 1992) 

NO. 550 THE FOUR ELECT CLASSES

“It shall come to pass afterward that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and daughters shall prophesy; your old men shall dream dreams; your young men shall see visions; and also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.” (Joel 2:28,29)

The order of this blessing is reversed in the prophetic statement probably in order to obscure the matter until the proper time, and thus to hide some of the length and breadth and height and depth of God’s plan, until the “due time” for it to be known and appreciated.  Consequently v. 29 refers to the Gospel Age and v. 28 to the Millennial Age.

THE LITTLE FLOCK

First we will describe the class referred to as “the servants.”  We notice that the time of their development is limited to the Gospel Age.  “In those days” I will pour out my Spirit upon “the servants.”  These like the rest of mankind were born under the curse (Rom. 5:12-19; 1 Cor. 15:21,22; Eph. 2:3); but unlike the rest of mankind they have hearts that trust the Lord even when they cannot trace Him (2 Cor. 5:7).  They accept Jesus as their Savior, thereby attaining to justification through faith (Rom. 3:21-26; 4:1-12), and then seek to grow in Truth and Righteousness.  They respond to His drawings until they are ready to take a second step - consecration - when God invites them to yield themselves to Him as living sacrifices (Rom. 12:1).  He then gives them His Holy Spirit; begets them of His Spirit (John 3:3; James 1:18; Acts 5:32).  He helps them to overcome self, sin, error and the world (Rev. 3:21), and to work out their own salvation by self-denial, and world-denial, by watchfulness and prayer, by the study, practice and spread of His word, and by suffering for loyalty to His Word (Phil. 2:12,13; 1 Peter 5:10; 2 Peter 1:5-11).  They are His witnesses for Truth and Righteousness in the world (Acts 1:8).  They are the “called and chosen and faithful.” (Rev. 17:14)  They “shall reign with him a thousand years.” (Rev. 20:6)

The hope that He gives them is the attainment of the Divine nature and joint-heirship with Christ (2 Peter 1:4; Rom. 8:17; 2 Tim. 2:11,12).  These blessings they will attain in the First Resurrection, if faithful until death (Rev. 2:10; 20:4,6).  They will also judge the world in the Kingdom (1 Cor. 6:2).

 There is much Scriptural evidence that this class has already been selected the “fullness of the Gentiles come in.”  The first of these that we will present is John 9:4 - “I must work the works of Him that sent me, while it is day; night is coming when no man can work.”  The work that Jesus and the Apostles then were doing was a reaping work.  Hence the work referred to in this text is a reaping work, which could no more be done when the night would come.  The night is the Time of Trouble (Isa. 21:11,12), which began with each country of Christendom as it became involved in the First World War.  This occurred before the Fall of 1916.  Hence no more reaping work could be performed thereafter.  Therefore, the reaping and gleaning work ended before the Fall of 1916.

The Elect in each country were all to be sealed in the forehead, reaped (be intellectually in the Truth), before the Tribulation, which began with the First World War, when it involved their country (Rev. 7:1-3).  Every country of Christendom was involved in the War before the Fall of 1916.  Therefore, all of the Elect were sealed in the forehead, reaped, before the Fall of 1916.

This is corroborated by Amos 9:13 - the plowman and grape-treader overtook the reaper and the sower and put an end to their work.  This occurred everywhere as soon as all Christendom was involved in the First World War.  Hence, all reaping and gleaning was finished before the Fall of 1916.

According to Rev. 6:9-11, all the saints were to be “slain under the Altar,” consecrated under Christ, their Head, before vengeance was to come upon Christendom.  Vengeance started with trench warfare, September 21, 1914.  Therefore, before that date, all the Christ class had been consecrated and spirit-begotten, but not yet sealed in the forehead.

THE GREAT COMPANY

Closely related to the Little Flock is another class, called in our text “the handmaids,” and elsewhere in the Bible called a Great Multitude (Rev. 7:9; 19:6).  The individuals of this class were originally invited through the High Calling (Phil. 3:14) to the Divine nature and joint-heirship with Christ (2 Peter 1:4; Rom. 8:17; Eph. 4:4); but, alas, they fail to keep faithfully their consecration vows, and therefore, had to be remanded to a secondary class.  As we said, the Little Flock are “called and chosen and faithful.”  The Great Company are called, but not chosen or faithful (Matt. 20:16).  They were not called to be of the Great Company.  The Lord provided a secondary place for them because, even though they were only “measurably faithful,” they still loved the Lord, and had not become unfaithful enough to be utterly cast off into Second Death.  They were the only ones of the elect classes to be remanded, but they will finally escape with their lives, after losing the prize of the High Calling (1 Cor. 3:15; Heb. 2:15; Jude 22,23).  However, they will still be included in the “church of the firstborn” of the Gospel Age (Heb. 12:23) and will serve before the throne in the Kingdom instead of on the throne as do the Little Flock (Rev. 7:14).  This class and the Little Flock, it will be noticed, are developed during the Gospel Age - “in those days” in which Jesus and the Apostles labored, in which the great Apostasy developed, and in which, at the end, the Lord restored the primitive teachings and practices of Christianity under the supervision and leadership of That Servant.

THE ANCIENT WORTHIES

We now turn to those of verse 28 who are called “your old men.”  This same class is called “Ancients” in Isaiah 24:23, this being from the same Hebrew word that is translated “old men” in our text.  In Psalms 107:32 and Hebrews 11:2 this class is referred to as “elders,” i.e., the “Ancients.”  In Hebrews 11:38 they are spoken of as those of whom “the world was not worthy,” therefore, we call them Ancient Worthies.  By the “old men” of our text we understand the faithful of the Old Testament are meant.  A long list of the ancient and prominent ones in their persons and works is given in Hebrews 11:4-32.  They were the heroes of faith before Christ came in His First Advent.  God used them as His representatives, servants and witnesses in their times, and through some of them gave us Old Testament Scriptures.  He also, unknown to them, used them in the events of their lives to enact many typical pictures of certain future persons, classes and events in His plan.  Living before Christ’s death they, of course, could not receive the actual cancellation of the death sentence that they, as well as the rest of the race, inherited from Adam; yet God gave them a tentative justification through their faith in His Promises (Rom. 4:3-9,17-23; Heb. 11:7).

Since they lived before Christ’s death they could not become sons of God and joint-heirs with Him (John 1:12,13; Rom. 8:17; Gal. 4:3-5), though they were privileged through their faith-justification to be servants and friends of God (Heb. 3:5; James 2:23).  Accordingly, God did not offer them the privilege of becoming Kings with Jesus and partakers with Him of the Divine nature; for such promises were not given until the beginning of the Gospel Age (1 Peter 1:10-12; Heb. 2:3,4; 11:39; 2 Tim. 1:10; Luke 16:16).  Jesus was the forerunner of these Kings (Heb. 6:20; 12:1,2) and the Ancient Worthies, who preceded Him, could not share in this high, holy and heavenly calling.  John the Baptizer, who died before Jesus’ death, was the last one of this class of Ancient Worthies; and Jesus assures us that John will not be of the Heavenly class; for He says, the least one of the Kingdom of Heaven will be greater than John (Matt. 11:11).

These faithful Ancient Worthies will not attain to the First Resurrection as the Little Flock do, but will be privileged to share in a “better resurrection” (Heb. 11:35) than that of the world.  They will attain perfection immediately upon awakening from the grave (“just men made perfect” - Heb. 12:22,23), whereas the world will be raised in the same condition as when they went into the grave.  It will require the entire thousand years to bring the world back to perfection.

The honor to which these Ancient Worthies will attain will be that of princeship throughout the earth during the Millennium, and their work will be that of rulership as judges and teachers (Psa. 45:16: Isa. 1:26)

THE YOUTHFUL WORTHIES

The next class shown in our text are “your young men.”  It will be noticed that they are linked in standing and in work with the “old men.”  Since we call the “old men” the Ancient Worthies, we call the “young men” the Youthful Worthies.  These contrasting names are applicable because, as the Ancient Worthies came into action in God’s Plan before opportunity was opened for anyone to enter the High Calling, so the Youthful Worthies come into action in God’s Plan after the opportunity to enter the High Calling is closed.

According to the Bible, the opportunity of entering the High Calling was to be closed after “the fulness of the Gentiles” - the full number of the Elect from among the Gentiles - should come in (Rom. 11:25).  This synchronizes with the end of the reaping of the Harvest from 1874 to 1914.  But, as before the opportunity to enter the High Calling was opened, many - the Ancients Worthies - desired to and did serve God faithfully, so since the opportunity to enter the High Calling has closed many desire to and do serve God faithfully.  Since they show the same spirit of devotion to God as the Ancient Worthies, God purposes to associate them with the Ancient Worthies in Millennial and Post-Millennial rewards and service.  Hence the similar and contrasted names of these two classes.  An entrance to this class will be available in the end of the Age for all who come to the Lord in full consecration, and will continue until “restitution sets in,” i.e., the raising of the dead, and a way is opened for the world of mankind.

“Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country.” (Lev. 24:22)  This stranger would represent those consecrating between the Gospel and Millennial Ages, and it tells us that they are “strangers” because they are strangers to the Little Flock, having consecrated themselves too late to be of that select company.  However, there is “one manner of law” for the Jews and the strangers - the same kind of consecration for the Little Flock and for the Youthful Worthies - a complete desire to do God’s will.

It is because they have the faith of Abraham that they will be blessed with him and have the privilege of blessing all nations (Gal. 3:6-9).  Having this faith quality, they heed the Lord’s invitation to consecrate, they give Him their hearts (Prov. 23:26).  There being no opportunity for them to win a crown with Christ, He does not beget them of His Spirit, but gives them a new human heart to love Truth and Righteousness, and to serve Him.  They, too, like the Little Flock, become dead to self and the world and alive to God, practicing watchfulness and prayer, studying and spreading the Word.  Thus the Youthful Worthies, too, must become faithful to the Lord - even unto death, if He deems it necessary.  Such faithful ones are under the same law as have been the Saints, and they have been similarly blessed with a clear understanding of Present Truth.

That Servant’s comment on these two classes: “Now notice the expression ‘Your old men shall dream dreams and your young men shall see visions.’  We prefer a different translation, which we believe gives the intended thought, namely, ‘Your young men shall see the glorious visions [of Restitution blessings, etc., in process of fulfillment] of which your ancient men dreamed [the things respecting which they vaguely hoped and dimly understood and greatly longed for].’” (Reprint 4467, col. 2, par. 1)

The fullness of reward for the Ancient and Youthful Worthies comes after the Millennium, when they will be changed from human to spirit beings.  Reprint 5182 proves that by their being of the antitypical Millennial Firstborn and Levites without inheritance in the land, that the Ancient Worthies will be made spirit beings after their Millennial work.  Some of these arguments prove this of the Youthful Worthies, as much as of the Ancient Worthies.

That the Ancient Worthies will become spiritual is manifest from the following: (1) Job, one of them (James 5:11), by inspiration tells us that apart from his flesh, and after it will have been dissolved into dust, he would personally see God, which can be done by spirit beings alone (Job 11:25,26 A.R.V.).  (2) If the Ancient Worthies were to be princes forever on earth, seeing that the restitution class will be kings here eternally after the Little Season, the former would eternally be the latter’s inferiors.  (3) If they were to remain on earth even as kings, they would have to be degraded from their Millennial superiority to equality with restitutionists eternally, which the Divine attributes would not effect nor permit.  (4) As Millennial and post-Millennial Levites they will have no inheritance in the earth - their inheritance will be heavenly; even as the Priests will not have an earthly inheritance, this being typed by Israel’s Priest and Levites having no inheritance in the land (Num. 18:20,23,24).  (5) As antitypical Levites they will be of the Millennial firstborn.  All first born having their names written in heaven will become spirit beings (Heb. 12:23 compare with Ex. 12:11-13, 21-23,37; 13:1,2,11-15).  (6) All of the Levites with the Priests located about the Tabernacle at the same relative distance therefrom and nearer to the tabernacle than the other Israelites, separate and distinct from the latter, thereby type the eternal spirituality of the entire tribe of antitypical Levi.  (7) Israel giving tithes to both priests and Levites types the eternal inferiority and subjection of the restitution class to all of antitypical Levi; hence all the antitypical Levites will be spiritual eventually.  (8) The fact that the Little Flock and the Great Company as antitypical Levites will be spiritual, implies that all the rest of antitypical Levi will be spiritual.  These reasons substantiate That Servant’s thought in Reprint 5182, cited above.

These four elect classes, The Little Flock, Great Company, Ancient and Youthful Worthies, are the only consecrated classes of the Jewish and Gospel Ages.  They are the only saved classes for elect purposes.  God is not specially dealing with the world of mankind during these Ages, which includes the last special period of the Gospel Age, the Epiphany.  The “due time” for the non-elect, Restitutionists, is when the Highway of Holiness is opened up for them (Isa. 35:8).

Here are other Scriptures which show that there are four elect classes:

2 Timothy 2:20:  “But in a great house [the Household of faith] there are not only vessels of gold [Little Flock, Mal 3:3], and of silver [Great Company, Mal. 3:3, see Berean comments], but also of wood [Ancient Worthies] and of earth [Youthful Worthies], and [additionally] some to honor, and some to dishonor.”  Those in this text called vessels to honor are the converted Jews of the Millennial Age, and those to dishonor [less honor, see concordance] are converted Gentiles of the Millennial Age.  They correspond to the “sons” and “daughters” of Joel 2:28,29.

Psalms 72:3:  “The mountains shall bring peace to the people; and the little hills by righteousness.”  This entire Psalm describes the Millennial reign of Christ, implying that symbolic Jerusalem will be the seat of Government (v. 16).  Literal Jerusalem was built upon two mountains, Zion and Moriah, and upon two hills, Akra and Bezetha.  Zion and Moriah represent the heavenly and the earthly phases of the Kingdom respectively - i.e., The Christ and the Ancient Worthies as the two higher powers of the Kingdom.  Akra and Bezetha represent the tributary (subordinate) powers of the Kingdom, i.e., the Great Company and the Youthful Worthies.  Therefore, the four elect classes are represented in this text.

Isaiah 60:13:  “The glory of Lebanon [Lebanon means white, and its evergreen trees, the glory of Lebanon, represent the righteous as antitypical Levites (Psa. 92:12,13)] shall come unto Thee [the antitypical Levites will be brought to Christ and the Church, Num. 3:6-9] the fir tree [Ancient Worthies], the pine [the Great Company] and the box [Youthful Worthies] together [rendering a cooperative service], to beautify the place of my sanctuary.”  It is a Levitical work  to beautify the sanctuary of the Lord.  All mankind’s blessings will result from the establishment of God’s residence or sanctuary among men (Rev. 21:3-5).  “The earth is my footstool.” (Isa. 66:1)  At about this time we are to expect wonderful contortions of nature and some radical changes in earth’s conditions to make it more adapted to the wants of man during the Millennial Age and throughout eternity.

The Scriptures tell us that “out of Zion [the heavenly phase of the Kingdom] shall go forth the Law, and the Word of the Lord from Jerusalem [the earthly phase of the Kingdom]” (Isa. 2:3; Micah 4:2)  When the Ancient Worthies are made “princes in all the earth” they will have as their associates the Youthful Worthies.  This arrangement will appeal first and primarily to the Jew, who would naturally be the first to come under the new regulations.  We may not say that all the Jews will do so, but that this will be true of at least a considerable number of them.  In time others of the world will join.  There are many well-meaning people who have not taken the vow of consecration to the Lord, but who would like to help rather than hinder.  Such in due time will attach themselves to the Kingdom, which is the “desire of all nations.” (Haggai 2:7)

The freedom from imperfection of these earthly “princes” will make them conspicuous amongst mankind.  As the world comes to know about these, they will say,  “Are not these God’s people?”  Mankind will perceive that God has rewarded the Worthies by giving them an instantaneous resurrection to perfect life, and will learn that their “better resurrection” was given because of faithfulness in the past.

It should be noted that in all of the passages given above there are only four elect classes.  These four will make up the Millennial Age Household of Faith, and any attempt to “make” more classes is adding to the Scripture and is a thing forbidden (Prov. 30:5,6; Rev. 22:18).  The two non-elect classes of converted Jews and Gentiles make up the Six Saved classes from among mankind.

E’en through harsh noises of our day,

A low, sweet prelude finds its way;

Through clouds of doubts and creeds of fear, 

A light is breaking calm and clear.

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 A JAPANESE PERSPECTIVE ON THE PALESTINIANS:  Yashiko Safamoni, a Japanese national, has written some interesting questions concerning the validity of the Palestinian claims to their ancient homeland.  Here is what he says:

“If you are so sure that ‘Palestine, the country, goes back through most of recorded history,’ then I expect you to be able to answer a few basic questions about that country of Palestine:

 When was it founded and by whom?

 What were its borders?

 What was its capital?

 What were its major cities?

 What constituted the basis of its economy?

 What was its form of government?

 Can you name at least one Palestinian leader before Arafat?

Was a sovereign Palestine ever recognized by a country whose existence, at that time or now, leaves no room for interpretation?

What was the language of the country of Palestine?

What was the prevalent religion of the country of Palestine?

What was the name of its currency?  Choose any date in history and tell us what was the approximate exchange rate of the Palestinian monetary unit against the U.S. dollar, German mark, British pound, Japanese yen or Chinese Yuan on that date.

And, finally, since there is no such country today, what caused its demise, and when did it occur?

“You are lamenting the ‘low sinking’ of ‘a once proud’ nation.  Please tell me, when exactly was that ‘nation’ proud and what was it so proud of?

“And here is the least sarcastic question of all: If the people you mistakenly call ‘Palestinians’ are anything but generic Arabs collected from all over - or thrown out of - the Arab world, if they really have a genuine ethnic identity that gives them right for self-determination, why did they never try to become independent until Arabs suffered their devastating defeat in the Six Day War?

“I hope you avoid the temptation to trace the modern day ‘Palestinians’ to the Biblical Phillistines; substituting etymology for history won’t work here.

“The truth should be obvious to every one who wants to know it.  Arab countries have never abandoned the dream of destroying Israel; they still cherish it today.  Having time and again failed to achieve their evil goal with military means, they decided to fight Israel by proxy.

“In fact, there is only one way to achieve peace in the Middle East.  Arab countries must acknowledge and accept their defeat in their war against Israel, and as the losing side, should pay Israel reparations for the more than 50 years of devastation they have visited on it.  The most appropriate form of such reparations would be the removal of their terrorist organizations from the land of Israel and accepting Israel’s ancient sovereignty over Gaza, Judea and Samaria.

“I pray the United States and Israel lead the world to victory in this war.  Come to think of it, there is no choice, be you Christian, a Jew, or even, believe it or not a Muslim.”

(Bridges For Peace, February 22, 2003)

“AFFRONT:  Jewish and Mormon representatives have met to discuss allegations that church members are persisting in the practice of baptizing deceased Jews, including Holocaust victims.

“Seven years after the Salt Lake City-based church signed an agreement to curtail the practice, evidence is emerging that its International Genealogical Index still list at least 20,000 Holocaust victims, as well as notable Jews such as Rashi, Maimonides, Menachem Begin, Irving Berlin and Marc Chagall, who were evidently baptized posthumously by proxy.”

 (World Jewry, January 2003)

“SHORT SHIRT:  Members of Montreal, Canada’s Jewish community are angered over a newly-produced T-shirt that lists the locations of YMCAs around the world, but omits those in Israel.

“The shirts, meant to promote world peace and handed out at YMCAs throughout the country to mark World Peace Week, include the non-existent country of Palestine on the list.”

(World Jewry, January 2003)

“U.S. JEWS FEAR ANTI-SEMITISM:  Though intermarriage and assimilation rates are sky-high and the first Orthodox Jew has just announced his bid for president, the American Jewish Committee’s 2002 Survey of Jewish Opinion reports that anti-Semitism is the community’s No. 1 concern.

“The AJC’s annual survey, which polled 1,008 self-identified Jewish respondents between December 16, 2002 and January 5, 2003, found that 96 percent of respondents think anti-Semitism in the U.S. is a very serious or somewhat serious problem, and 44 percent think the problem will only get worse with time.

“By a margin of two to one, respondents picked anti-Semitism over intermarriage as the ‘greatest threat to Jewish life in the U.S.’” 

(The Jerusalem Post, February 7, 2003)

“THE U.N. RECORD ON ISRAEL:  Is the U.N. biased?  Considering there is only one Israel and twenty-one Arab states that are part of a long conflict in the Middle East, it is hard to believe that Israel is totally responsible.  Yet, to look at U.N. figures on the conflict and in relation to Israel would bring you to that erroneous conclusion.

“The General Assembly of the U.N. condemned or deplored Israel 49 times and 0 times the Arabs and the PLO.

“The Security Council passed 131 resolutions in its history.  Of those, 88 criticized or opposed Israel, none deplored or even criticized the PLO or Arab states.

“Is it any wonder Israel finds directives from the U.N. far from fair?  A balanced approach is certainly not the U.N. agenda.” 

(By Clarence Wagner, January 30, 2003)        

___________________________________________________________________

COMMENT ON THE WAR

Everyone hates war and deplores the inevitable injuries and fatalities.  That is what war does.  However, we know that God uses war at times to further certain aspects of His Plan, or to keep some evil ruler from thwarting that Plan.  Two examples are Napoleon and Hitler.  Napoleon was used to break the power of Papacy and Hitler’s attempt to annihilate the Jews caused many to go to their homeland and establish a state there.  Of course we cannot be sure that the current war is one of those times.  Only the passing of time will reveal that.

But we do know that we are in the Day of Preparation (Nahum 2:3; Psa. 77:18) for the establishment of the Kingdom.  Jesus says: “Or else how can one enter a strong man’s house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man?  And then he will spoil his house.” (Matt. 12:29)  Of course the strong man is Satan, but evil rulers who suppress their people and keep them in ignorance and poverty are the agents of Satan and under his direction.  In order that “nothing shall hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain” (Isa. 11:9) the wicked must be destroyed or shorn of their power.  We are not making a case for or against the war.  We are merely making some comments.

At this writing it seems that much has been accomplished in the war, in spite of the fact that the fighting has intensified and there are many casualties on both sides.  We still hope that this will be a short war, but we will wait, watch and pray.  We pray for all the brave men and women of the armed forces whose lives are in danger, and for their families.

NO. 549 CONSECRATION FROM 1881 UNTIL RESTITUTION SETS IN

All who are familiar with Harvest Truth know that the general call for entrance into the High Calling ended in 1881 - that thereafter entrance into that select company could occur only as one dropped out.  All who accept this great truth agree also that a time would come when the door to the High Calling would eventually be forever shut (Luke 13:25) - that the 144,000 would be fully and fixedly complete.  However, there is divergence of views as to when that time would occur; and it is not our wish at this time to discuss when that would be.

But when that time would come - from then until Restitution sets in, as That Servant taught - there would almost certainly be those among the human family who would wish to do God’s will to the extent of their understanding and ability just as there were those who wished to do God’s will before the High Calling was available.  (See Hebrews, Chapter 11)  Such consecrators between the Ages will have to walk a “narrow way” while we are yet in “the evil day” (Eph. 6:13) - and, if faithful, they will bring upon themselves the adversities that all have experienced who have chosen to “follow in His steps.” (1 Peter 2:21)  And to such the attributes of God would prompt bestowal of a reward higher than that which will come to the world in general - something higher than Restitution.

That Servant recognized this fact - that there would be such a class of consecrators between the Ages. Even though he gave us no precise Scripture, he did give us 2 Timothy 2:20 (Reprint 5493), which shows that there are four elect, classes.  We believe this is another proof that he was made “ruler over all his goods” (Matt. 24:47); and that he could say, with the Apostle Paul, “For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.” (Acts 20:27)  He also gave no name for the fourth class except he wrote of them as an “unbegotten class.”

We offer now some quotations from Brother Russell’s writings to substantiate these statements.  The first one of these is to be found in Reprint 3418, the year being 1904: “We would be sure that Divine love and care would be over them just as surely, and that failing a place in the elect church through no fault of theirs, these would be given some good portion which would much more than reward and satisfy them.”  

In that same year 1904, Reprint 3445, the teaching is presented that the Ancient Worthies would be a higher class than the Great Company, because they were a fully faithful class.  He further stated that, being a higher class, they would precede the Great Company in the resurrection - that the Ancient Worthies would be first to be resurrected after the Little Flock.  That this is a wrong conclusion is apparent from the fact that the Great Company is a part of the Gospel-Age “church of the firstborn” (Heb. 12:23); whereas, the Ancient Worthies are the “church of the firstborn” of the Millennial Age - and Brother Russell eventually came to see the matter in this way.

Coming down to 1911 (Reprint 4836) there is this: “But suppose that some should present themselves after the close of the acceptable time; what would be their status and God’s dealing with them:  Since God is unchangeable, we must assume that He would always be pleased to have His creatures devote their lives wholly and unreservedly to the doing of His will, as He was pleased with the faithfulness of the Ancient Worthies to lay down their lives before a covenant of sacrifice was in force.  We may reason that as God has promised human perfection to those Ancient Worthies who laid down their lives, He would be willing similarly to reward any who might follow the same course after the completion of the Church - after the ending of the acceptable time of sacrifice.  [God’s character forbids accepting sacrifice from any one without giving suitable reward for such service.]

“Quite likely, therefore, there will be some in the end of this Age who, although faithful unto death, will not have been begotten of the Holy Spirit and not attain the spirit plane of being in the resurrection, but who will come forth members of the same class as the Ancient Worthies, who were developed before this Age began.

“In view of these facts, our advice to all who love the Lord and who desire to be in complete fellowship with Him is the same message that has gone forth throughout this Age - ‘We beseech you, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies living sacrifices’… We can tell them, too, that, to our understanding the Scriptures teach that the Ancient Worthy Class (of which they may be a part if they fail to be accepted to the new nature) will be highly honored of God, perfect on the human plane and made ‘princes in all the earth.’ (Psa. 45:16)”

In the February 15, 1913 Tower (Reprint 5182) it is stated that the Ancient Worthies are of the Tribe of Levi, and therefore would have no inheritance in the land (as would the Restitutionists).  And, as Brother Russell has said before, the unbegotten class of consecrators would receive the reward and honor that will be given the Ancient Worthies; which means a higher reward than will come to the Restitutionists.  These would be typed by the Gershonites, of which more later on.  In this same Tower, top of column 2, we are told that the eventual glorious reward of the Ancient Worthies - after the Millennium has come to a close - would be on the spirit plane.

Coming now to September 1, 1915 Tower (Reprint 5761) there is the following, under the caption, “The Two Parts of the Harvest Work” and under the sub-heading, “Those Consecrating Between the Ages”:

“It is our thought that with the closing of the door of this Gospel Age there will be no more begetting of the Holy Spirit to the spirit nature.  Any afterward coming to God through consecration, before the inauguration of the restitution work, will be accepted by Him, not to the spirit plane of being, but to the earthly plane.  Such would come in under the same conditions as the Ancient Worthies who were accepted of God.  The Ancient Worthies came in, no call being opened to them - the High Calling not being yet open, and the restitution opportunities not open.  But they freely gave themselves up to God without knowing what blessings their consecration would bring, except that they had the intimation that they would, in the future life, have a ‘better resurrection’ than would the remainder of the world.

“Our thought is that whoever under such conditions as these will make a full consecration to the Lord, to leave all to follow in His ways, and will live up faithfully, loyally, to that consecration, may be privileged to be counted as a similar class to those who preceded this Gospel Age.  We know of no reason why the Lord would refuse to receive those who make a consecration after the close of the Gospel Age High Calling and before the full opening of the Millennium.”

Inasmuch as the Time of Trouble had broken upon the world in 1914 - as predicted by Brother Russell - there existed the general conviction among Truth people that the Kingdom would be established within a matter of but a few years.  “The stone” (Dan. 2:45) had already begun its smiting, and was increasing in severity with each passing month.  But none of the Truth people had the slightest notion that things would be as they are now, many years later.  Had that thought then been entertained, we may safely conclude that Brother Russell would have been much more positive and voluble than he was about the class that “would consecrate between the Ages.”

However, even with the small amount that he did say, the Harvest group generally was so inoculated with the idea, that the Society under J. F. Rutherford came out emphatically that the High Calling would definitely be closed at Passover 1918 - after which time a new class of consecrators would appear whom they labeled as “Modern Worthies” - to emphasize their grouping with the Ancient Worthies.  This was maintained for a number of years until JFR openly rejected tentative justification.  Once that was done, it was impossible to harmonize Modern Worthies without which they could have no standing before God.  Eventually they invented a class of their own - the Jonadabs - which was later fused with their present “Great Crowd,” of which more later.

Other Truth groups mostly ignored the expressions of Brother Russell as we have them aforegoing; and prior to 1950 the Laymen’s Home Missionary Movement was the only Truth organization - so far as we know - that championed such a class.  But failing to do this, these others are now left in a very awkward and vulnerable position.  The Society eventually had to re-open the High Calling, changing the dates for its close on several occasions, as the “penny” became too hot for them to hold, and too important to drop.  In some of their 1975 editions of the Watchtower they are forced to the conclusion that the High Calling may not even yet be closed.  And other Truth groups are forced to the same conclusion.

But embracing such a view is now making their position ridiculously untenable.  So far as we know, all Truth groups accept the position that there can be only 144,000 in the Christ Body.  Yet, if we reflect upon the number of persons in all the groups who consider themselves in that select company, there would almost certainly be more than 144,000 that have had that conviction since 1914.  And, if there are more than that many since 1914, what shall we say of the entire Gospel Age?  Most Truth groups think there was a “Harvest” following 1874.  A Harvest of what?  Why, of the last members of the 144,000, of course!  Manifestly, these various conclusions produce such a bedlam that no one of sound mind can bring himself to believe them all.  And, even if they reject some of them, yet “the bed is shorter than a man can stretch himself on it; and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it.” (Isa. 28:20)

SCRIPTURAL PROOF

As stated aforegoing, Brother Russell offered no Scripture to prove his conclusions - nor did he attempt to give a name to such persons.  It was the Society after his death that produced the name Modern Worthies.  Nor do we now offer too much criticism for their selection of the name.  Up to that time no Scripture had been produced which might suggest a Biblical name.  It remained for the Epiphany Messenger to offer a name more suited to our place on the stream of time.  However, we would emphasize here that the term Ancient Worthy is not in the Bible either; but they are referred to as Ancients a number of times in the Old Testament, and St. Paul tells us in the 11th chapter of Hebrews that the world was not “worthy” of them.  Consequently, the name Ancient Worthies comes easily enough.  We believe the same will apply to the Youthful Worthies, as we now examine some Scriptures to this end.

The clearest of such Scriptures is found in Joel 2:28,29.  In Joel 2:29 the reference is to the Little Flock and Great Company: “And also upon the servants [the Little Flock] and upon the handmaids [the Great Company] in those days [the Gospel Age] will I pour out my spirit.”  Thus far, Brother Russell saw the truth on the text as expressed here: but the remainder he could not see because it was not the “due time.”  (See Berean Comments)  Then Joel 2:28: “And it shall come to pass afterward [after the Gospel Age, during which the Lord pours out His spirit for His servants, the Little Flock, and handmaidens, the Great Company - compare Joel 2:29 with 2 Cor. 6:17,18] that I will pour out My Spirit for all flesh; and your [the Christ’s] sons [converted fleshly Israel and the persevering, but unconsecrated believers of the Gospel Age] and your daughters [converted Gentiles of the Millennial Age, Isaiah 60:4, and all the repentant heathen] shall prophesy [teach the Truth to those of mankind who then will not know it, Matthew 25:35,37,40], your old men [Ancient Worthies] shall dream dreams [will be given new and inspired deeper revelations] and your young men [Youthful Worthies] shall see visions [will be given inspired less deep representations, clarifying and elaborating for themselves and the people the teachings of the Old and New Testaments.  In so doing they will have their names written in another “book of life” which will be a record of their works, just as the first “book of life” is a record of the Heavenly classes of the Gospel Age. (Rev. 20:12)]”

All classes from among mankind savingly associated with the Plan of God are thus treated of in Joel 2:28,29 - six in all.  These and the repentant fallen angels will constitute the seven (perfect Divine number) classes of those whom Christ delivers from sin and condemnation unto perfection and everlasting life in His work as Savior.  We would direct attention here to the Hebrew zaqen from which old men is translated.  This word is translated ancients thirteen times in the Old Testament, and once as ancient men.  We offer just two of these - Psalms 119:100: “I understand more than the ancients [zaqen].”  Also, Isaiah 24:23: “The Lord of hosts shall reign in Mount Zion [through the Christ Company], and in Jerusalem [through the Worthies], and before His ancients [zaqen] gloriously.”  And “your young men” would be better translated “young, choice, unmarried men - youthfuls.”  This Joel text is clear enough that there are two classes of men who would be especially inspired for the benefit of the remainder of Restitutionists - Ancients and Youthfuls - Ancient Worthies and Youthful Worthies.

Next we consider 2 Timothy 2:20: “In a great House [the great House of the typical Aaron, Lev. 16:6; Num. 17:2,3; 3:6-9, 17-20, consisted of his sons and the three typical classes of Levites - the Kohathites, Merarites and the Gershonites; accordingly, in the great House of our Great High Priest there are four classes antitypical of these] there are not only vessels of gold [the Little Flock - Mal. 3:3], and of silver [the Great Company, Mal. 3:3, see Berean Comments on Mal. 3:3 and 2 Tim. 2:20], but also of wood [the Ancient Worthies] and earth [the Youthful Worthies, who with the Ancient Worthies will be, during the Millennium, the human members of antitypical Aaron’s House, as they were or are also human before the Millennium], and [additionally] vessels of honor [the converted Jews of the next Age] and some to dishonor [less honor, see concordance - the converted Gentiles of the next Age].”

Thirdly, Psalms 72:3: “The mountains shall bring peace to the people; and the little hills by righteousness.”  This entire Psalm describes the Millennial reign of Christ, implying that symbolic Jerusalem will be the seat of Government (v. 16).  Literal Jerusalem was built upon two mountains, Zion and Moriah, and upon two hills, Akra and Bezetha.  Zion and Moriah represent the heavenly and the earthly phases of the Kingdom respectively - i.e., The Christ and the Ancient Worthies as the two higher powers of the Kingdom.  (See v. 16, “top of the mountains,” etc.)  Akra and Bezetha represent the tributary (subordinate) powers of the Kingdom, i.e., the Great Company and the Youthful Worthies.  (See Berean Comments on the “hills.”)  And as the hill Bezetha was the fourth and last height of Jerusalem to be built by the Israelites, so the Youthful Worthies are the last one of the powers (the other subordinate power) of the Kingdom to be developed.

The world of mankind is symbolized by the valley sections of literal Jerusalem.  The thought of this passage seems to be that the two phases of the kingdom, receiving cooperation from the subordinate powers of the Kingdom (the Great Company and the Youthful Worthies), will be used by Jehovah to bless the world of mankind with peace and prosperity through righteousness during the Millennium.

The fourth text is Isaiah 60:13: “The Glory of Lebanon [Lebanon means white, and its evergreen trees, the glory of Lebanon, represent the righteous as antitypical Levites - Psa. 92:12,13] shall come to thee [the antitypical Levites will be brought to Christ and the Church - Num. 3:6-9], the fir tree [Ancient Worthies], the pine tree [the Great Company] and the box [Youthful Worthies] together [rendering a cooperative service], to beautify the place of my sanctuary.”  It was a Levitical work (Num. 3:6-9) to beautify the sanctuary of the Lord.

In this connection, Isaiah 35:2 tells us that “the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it… they shall see the glory of the Lord, and the excellence of our God.”  The cedars of Lebanon are tall and stately, the timber was much prized for the construction of palaces and temples; pillars, beams and planks were cut from it, and masts were made for ships.  The timber of these trees was aromatic, impervious to rot, decay and infestation by termites.  The roof for the Temple of Diana (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world) was made from cedar planks, and continued for 400 years without apparent wear from the elements.  To this day these trees are reverently described by the Arabs as “the cedars of the Lord.”

ANTITYPICAL ELEAZAR

The logical picture here shows that the Gershonites typified the Youthful Worthies, who would share in honor and service and reward with the Ancient Worthies.  This picture is well set forth in the Jews crossing Jordan to inherit Canaan.  It will be recalled that because the Jews refused to enter Canaan - believing the evil report of the ten spies instead of the good report of Caleb and Joshua - that the Lord pronounced this sentence upon them: “Your carcases shall fall in this wilderness… according to your whole number from twenty years old and upward… ye shall not come into the land… save Caleb… and Joshua.” (Num. 14:29,30)  It is well to note that all the males who entered Canaan were young men.  Joshua, of the Tribe of Ephraim, could not be a priest (only those of the Tribe of Levi were eligible to be priests), was given the honor of leading the Jews over Jordan and possessing goodly Canaan land.  Joshua in that picture typed the Lord Jesus, and Caleb typed the true Church; but they were supported by an entirely new generation that had grown up in the wilderness wanderings; and that group would well represent an unbegotten class here in the end of this Age who are fully loyal to antitypical Joshua (Jesus).  Once we see this picture clearly, all obstacles are removed.  This gives us four elect classes, with two non-elect classes - as explained aforegoing - and the picture becomes harmonious with all parts of the Bible.

Those who are familiar with Parousia Truth, and who hold to the truth that Brother Russell was That Servant, whom “the Lord made ruler over His Household” (Matt. 24:45), recognize that the “household” is much the same as the Gospel-Age Tabernacle (the true church).  He occupied much the same position here in the end of the Age as did the twelve Apostles at the beginning of the Age.  As such, they then, and he here in the end of the Age, antityped Eleazar, son of Aaron, of whom it is recorded:  “And to the office of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest pertaineth the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, and the daily meat offering, and the anointing oil, and the oversight of all the tabernacle, and of all that therein is, in the sanctuary, and in the vessels thereof.” (Num. 4:16)

Therefore, it is only logical that he should write Tabernacle Shadows, which book is the foundation for the Six Volumes of Parousia Studies in the Scriptures.  When writing Tabernacle Shadows in 1879 he set forth the antitypical designation of the Levities: The Amran Levites to the east of the Tabernacle typified the Gospel-Age Royal Priesthood; the Kohathietes to the south the Ancient Worthies; the Merarites to the north the Great Company; and the Gershonites to the west the saved world of mankind.  But he was quite emphatic that the Levites were not to have any inheritance in the Land of Canaan; thus, the antitypical Levites would have no inheritance in the Millennial Canaan.  This produced the question: If the Restitutionists were to have no inheritance in the Millennial Canaan, then they would all eventually become spirit beings - a thing Brother Russell realized just could not be.  He wrestled with the question, but could not provide any satisfactory answer because it was not the “due time” for the truth to become known.

ANTITYPICAL ITHAMAR

It will be recalled that Aaron had four sons - Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar - the first two of whom were destroyed in their rebellion.  (See Leviticus 10:1-7)  Eleazar and Ithamar, the third and fourth sons of Aaron, then became eligible for the priesthood, Eleazar being the one who succeeded his father Aaron to that office, being the oldest son living when his father died at Mount Hor.  Thus, he would fittingly typify the twelve Apostles (the Lord’s mouthpieces during the first epoch of the Gospel-Age Church), and That Servant in the seventh epoch of the Gospel-Age Church.

But in the interim the Lord also had prominent mouthpieces such as Marin Luther, John Wesley, Thomas Cranmer, etc. - 35 in all.  These would be well depicted by Eleazar’s younger brother Ithamar.  And after the departure of the Parousia Eleazar (That Servant) we should logically expect to see an antitypical Ithamar, and this we find in the person of Brother Johnson.  Numbers 4:28 is definitely pertinent: “This is the service of the families of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation: and their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.”  And just as Brother Russell clearly and correctly gave details about the Gospel-Age Little Flock, so Brother Johnson gave similar description of the antitypical Gershonites - the Youthful Worthies.  To him came the privilege of interpreting the Scriptures concerning this Class, and the Youthful Worthies occupied a large place in his writings.

It is well to remember here that Brother Johnson did not set aside any of Brother Russell’s teachings about an unbegotten class here in the end of the Age.  He simply interpreted the pertinent Scriptures to prove what Brother Russell had taught but did not offer any Scripture to prove his thought.

“If Truth people generally knew that this method was being used [of setting aside the truth on Tentative Justification] by at least two of the Tower editors, they would be more on their guard against various errors that JFR and some of his associates have been holding, and are ‘privily’ bringing in among the unsuspecting sheep.  If our dear readers will keep in mind that the Tower’s denial of Tentative Justification during this Age is the foundation of its rejecting the Scriptural doctrine that those faithful consecrators from 1881 until Restitution sets in, for whom there are no crowns available, and hence no spirit-begetting for Gospel-Age purposes possible, will be the Millennial associates of the Ancient Worthies in reward and service, they will be able by Scriptural, reasonable and factual thinking completely to overthrow every argument that the article under review presents to defend its thesis; for through Tentative Justification alone can God now deal with this class in preparing them for association with the Ancient Worthies.”

(By Brother Johnson)

And we say the same of others who have perverted Tentative Justification and have set aside the teaching of both Messengers as given above on the faithful consecrators from 1881 until Restitution sets in.  To reverse himself on his “Modern Worthies,” JFR was logically forced to reject Tentative Justification; and eventually to discard the entire book on Tabernacle Shadows, which book had been basic for a large part of the Parousia Truth.  This accounts for much of the flood of error that subsequently appeared in the Towers.  In the Tabernacle picture the Levites type the tentatively justified during the Gospel Age, as well as in this last special period of the Gospel Age - the Epiphany.  In the type the Levites were the teachers of the people (see Ezek. 44:9-14), and eliminating them from the Tabernacle picture makes the book a lopsided and unintelligible presentation.  This readily accounts for JFR’s rejection of the book after he had rejected Tentative Justification.

ANOTHER PERVERSION

In the March 15, 1913 Tower (Reprint 5207), column 2, par. 7, we find this:  “Tentative Justification, then, is for the purpose of giving a standing with God [“being justified by faith, we have peace with God” - Rom. 5:1], from which a believer in our Lord’s ransom-sacrifice as his only hope of salvation may ascertain whether he has that spirit of sacrifice which will lead him to full consecration.  The believer is at liberty to choose which course he will take.  He may offer himself in consecration, or he may decide not to do so.  But should he decide to wait for restitution, he thereby proves that he has not appreciated God’s offer.”

Certainly the above would now apply to Youthful Worthies - and to no other class - if we accept our Pastor’s teaching that “those consecrating and proving faithful in the interval between the close of the General Call in 1881 and the inauguration of the earthly phase of the Kingdom (for whom no crowns are available) will become associated in reward and honor with the Ancient Worthies in the Kingdom.” (F-156; Z’11, 181; Z’15, 269; Question Book pp. 151-152.  See also E-4-337)

It is reasonable and Scriptural to expect for the Youthful Worthies, as well as for the Ancient Worthies, that they will receive ultimately a higher reward than they could have on this earth.  If the Ancient and Youthful Worthies would remain on the earth, they would not be everlastingly rewarded for their Millennial service, post-Millennial service and their suffering for righteousness in the Little Season at the hands of the Second-Death class.  For since all Restitutionists found worthy of everlasting life will henceforth be equal (Matt. 25:34; Rev. 21:24), it would follow that the Ancient and Worthies, instead of being the Millennial superiors, would be the eternal equals of the world of mankind.  The Worthies would be demoted instead of rewarded.  During the Kingdom the Worthies will be “Princes in all the earth.” (Psa. 45:16)  The Divine Attributes will not fail to reward such faithfulness.

  The Lord will make the earth beautiful as it was in the Garden of Eden.  The earth is God’s footstool.  The Restitutionists are not required to “suffer for righteousness,” as were the faithful consecrators during the ascendancy of sin and evil.  If the Restitutionists during the Kingdom learn to love righteousness and hate iniquity, they will gain eternal life on earth.  But those who “suffer for righteousness” will be rewarded above restitution blessings.

But the matter of a Mediator makes transparent nonsense of a justification of any kind except a gradual works justification, which will only be completed by the end of the Mediatorial reign.  Justification during the Gospel Age does not make one right, it merely reckons him right.  And when one is reckoned right, this gives him a standing before God, which eliminates the necessity for a Mediator.  Thus, those in the 1908-1911 sifting who claimed the Church is under the New Covenant revealed a foolish foundation.  If they were under the New Covenant, then they would also be under the Mediator - as the Restitutionists will be when the Kingdom reign begins.  None of the Tentatively Justified during this Age has needed a mediator; they stood before God in reckoned perfection.

In view of the faithful teachings of both Messengers, we reiterate that Youthful Worthiship is available as long as Tentative Justification is available between the Ages until restitution sets in.  And we would qualify this statement by saying there will come a time when sound doctrine will not be endured by any one not already established in Present Truth, and when that time arrives it is doubtful that any one would be able to receive “sound doctrine” sufficiently enough to make an acceptable consecration.  However, Tentative Justification will continue for the faithful consecrators.  That Servant corroborates this thought:  “The question is, May not this statement of the Revelator [Rev. 13:17] mean more than is now experienced?  Like the Apostle Paul’s statement, may it not imply a time will come, in the last days, when sound doctrine will not be endured at all?” (Parousia Vol.  2, p. 259, bottom)

If Restitutionists want to consecrate for Restitution purposes now, that is their privilege, just as it was the privilege of Cornelius before his consecration was accepted; and if such consecrators are sincere it will doubtless make them more amendable for the Highway of Holiness when the “way” is opened up for them. (Isa. 35:8)  Their standing will be before The Christ until their works justification is completed at the end of the Millennium.  A Restitution Class walking a “narrow way” in this last special period of the Gospel Age is an absurdity, but “Every absurdity has a champion to defend it, for error is always talkative.”

“For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.  And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.  Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.” (Heb. 12:3,13,14)

(By John J. Hoefle, Reprint 420, April 1991)

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QUESTION OF GENERAL INTEREST

QUESTION:  While Brother Russell teaches (Our Lord’s Return, 44-46) that there has been an epiphanizing work going on during our Lord’s Parousia, does he not also teach in the same booklet (17, par. 1) that the Epiphany as a period does not set in until after the wheat and the tares have been dealt with - the former gathered into the garner by the resurrection, and the latter destroyed as such?

ANSWER:    We will quote the paragraph on which the question is based.  “The separation [italics ours] of the tares from the wheat, and the gathering [italics ours] of the wheat into the garner of heavenly conditions precedes the work of cleansing the wheat field of its symbolic tares by symbolic ‘fire’; and this entire Harvest work is to take place during the Parousia (presence) of the Lord, before His Epiphaneia (manifestation).  He is the chief Reaper, and all the under reapers will work under His direction and eye; and every kernel of true symbolic wheat will be gathered into the glorious symbolic garner by resurrection and ‘change’ [italics ours].”  In answering the question we will call attention to several particulars: (1) The word Harvest is used [1] sometimes to represent the work of reaping and gleaning the symbolic wheat; [2] sometimes to represent all seven processes to which the symbolic wheat is subjected, culminating in its garnering; and [3] sometimes to represent all the work done on the ripe wheat and on the tares, including the burning of the latter.  When this quotation tells us that the “entire Harvest work” is to take place during the Parousia, it uses the words “Harvest work” in the second sense of the term as given above, and not in its third sense.  It does not refer to harvesting tares.  This is evident from our italicized parts of the first sentence, and more especially from the sentence that we have in entirety italicized; for the reapers of whom it treats are the wheat, not the tare, reapers.  Hence this quotation does not teach that the tares would be destroyed before the Epiphany.  (2) At the time - 1902 (Z’02, 87, par. 7) - our Pastor wrote the paragraph above quoted, he believed the Church would be delivered sometime before October 1914.  Indeed, it was not until late in 1913 that he first intimated to the Church his doubts of the Church leaving the earth by the following Fall. (Z’13, 343, par. 7,12)  In the May 1, 1914, Tower, 132, last par.; 135, par. 1, he clearly showed that he no longer expected the Church’s deliverance by the following Fall.  He also explicitly stated in 1914 (What Pastor Russell Said, 97,98) that the Epiphany would begin immediately after October 1914, while the Tower references just given prove that he then expected some of the Church to remain here some time after October 1914.  Hence his later thought is in harmony with the view that some of the Church will be in the world for a while during the early stages of the Epiphany, but that the entire Bride will be with the Lord before the Epiphany is over (Col. 3:4).  (3) The beginning of the Epiphany could not be delayed until after the tares have been dealt with, because the Epiphany is the Trouble time (Luke 17:28-30; Rev. 1:7), during which, of course, the tares are dealt with (Matt. 13:30,41,42).  Our Pastor’s course on the subject matter of this question is another example of his growth in knowledge - the Truth unfolding more and more to him as he progressed toward the perfect day.

(The Present Truth, January 1, 1921, p. 14)       

NO. 548 EARNESTLY CONTEND FOR THE FAITH

In Jude, verse 3, Diaglott, the Apostle admonishes, “I had a necessity to write you, exhorting you to earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered to the saints.”  In this time, when Combinationism is rampant on all hands, here is some Scripture that receives little or no attention - even from some who claim to understand its real import.  At the outset it is well that we remember that faith has three meanings in the Bible - first, it is what we believe (the Truth), second, it is the quality by which we believe (mental appreciation and heart’s reliance upon God and Christ), and, third, it is faithfulness.  When St. Jude tells us to “contend for the faith,” he is referring to the first meaning of the word; namely, contend for the Truth.  This is in keeping with the Manna comment for September 23: “Our good fight of faith consists in a considerable measure in our defense of the Word of God… This will mean our willingness to stand for the Truth at any cost and against any number of assailants… As the Apostle again says, ‘I am set for the defense of the Gospel.’  We can do no less than defend the Truth.  The Truth is God’s representative, Christ’s representative, and hence our standard, and as true soldiers we must defend our standard, even unto death.”

There is a slogan common among men, He who fights and runs away lives to fight another day; but this certainly can have no embrace from those who “earnestly contend for the faith.”  This is confirmed by the Apostle Paul in Phil. 1:17, Dia., “I am placed for the defense of the glad tidings” - in much the same manner as “God has placed the members each one of them in the Body.” (1 Cor. 12:18)  Both of these texts draw good comparison to a sentinel on guard in an army - he is set there to admit all the eligibles, just as he is also set to intercept all the ineligibles.  Once this matter is clearly discerned, it will then become readily apparent how wrong are those who have decided they will have no controversy.  Certainly, their stand has no support whatever in the Scripture; in fact, it is a direct contradiction of Scripture.

Sometime back, one who would be a teacher in the Lord’s House made the foolish observation that only error needs defense; the Truth can defend itself.  From the foregoing, it is clear enough that the two Apostles and That Servant held just the reverse position.  Those of us who are acquainted with the facts know that Brother Russell was inherently a gentle man - a man of peace; yet a large part of his ministry was spent in controversy - just as the Prince of Peace spent most of His earthly sojourn in warring for the Truth and the principles it embraced.  Eventually, when His Kingdom is established, He will in all truth be the Prince of Peace.  He will then establish a peace among men the likes of which they do not now comprehend.  Thus, if we become involved in controversy, we, too, may contemplate a better day when there “will be no night there” - no error to cause controversy.  But that time is not yet.  David in his wars typed Brother Russell in his wars; and the Scriptures tell us definitely that David was a man of war - so much so that the Lord would not allow him to build the temple (the Lord’s house), but that honor was reserved for Solomon, whose name is the Hebrew for peace.  So also, the Greater Solomon will eventually speak “peace” to the people, but that day is still future.

In 2 Tim. 4:6-8, Dia., St. Paul is in effect giving his own burial eulogy: “The time for my dissolution has come near.  I have maintained the good contest.  I have finished the race, I have guarded the faith” - the Truth, that which had motivated him during the years of his Apostleship.  He had been well imbued with the understanding that God had placed him in the Body for that very purpose; and he had practiced what he preached, “steadfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord.” (1 Cor. 15:58)

STUDY TO SHOW THYSELF APPROVED

Before one can teach others - defend the Truth - he must himself first be taught.  It is well given that the big difference between the professors and the students is that the professors have read the books first.  Thus, St. Paul counsels, “Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed.” (2 Tim. 2:15)  Brother Russell also recognized the force of this counsel, as shown by the December 20 Manna comments: “Only the studious find the narrow way to the Divine approval and acceptance… study the doctrine [the Truth]; study your course of conduct to keep it in harmony with the doctrine…Study to perform the duties of a faithful soldier of the cross.”

It is a sage observation that the average man is as lazy as he can afford to be; and this is more pointedly true of the mind than of the body.  Like trees, human beings die in the top first; we often see people whose bodies still have some semblance of life, but whose minds have flitted off into space.  And we see Christians on every hand whose faith (mental appreciation) has been considerably blurred by the ravages of time.  Thus, we have St. Peter’s statement, “I will not be negligent to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know them, and be established in the present truth.” (2 Peter 1:12)

According to the information that comes to us, Bible studies are conducted among some Truth groups where a half dozen different answers are given to the same question, at least five of which may be wrong.  Yet there is no correction by the leader; each is permitted to believe any answer that suits him.  Viewed from any standpoint, this is certainly Babylon, and comes well within the scope of St. Paul’s statement, “Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.” (2 Tim. 3:7)  At the other extreme, we find some leaders who are ever striving to produce some new and different answers to those furnished by Brother Russell - just to be different.  And of such Brother Russell makes some pointed comment:

“The church has been responsible in considerable measure for the stumbling of those whom it has recognized as elder-brothers and teachers.  While they should not think evil, or surmise arrogance, they should be so wakeful to their own duties toward these brethren that they would not unduly flatter them, nor unduly encourage them, nor stimulate them to manufacture new light [such as justification in the Camp].

“On the contrary, all who are spiritual should be helpful to those elder-brothers; should compliment them on their loyalty to the Lord, and to the old, old story, rather than commend them for fanciful fictions, or encourage them further along such lines.  The Gospel of Grace has not changed [nor have the fundamentals of Harvest Present Truth]; it is still the old, old story; it still includes the thought of our calling and election by faithfulness to the terms laid down in the Scriptures.  The Brethren should be encouraged along these lines rather than along the lines of manufacturing types by guesswork without any authority of the Word of God.”

ERROR AND TRUTH AS TESTS

The question logically arises, Why should the Lord allow such vagaries among His people?  Many are perplexed by this question, yet the answer is conveniently simple, when seen in the proper light.  It is well stated in Micah 5:5,6: “When the Assyrian [the errorists] shall come into our land [the sphere of the Truth and its spirit]: and when he shall tread in our palaces [by attempting to overthrow fundamental doctrines, such as justification outside the Court in this faith Age], then shall we raise against him seven shepherds [competent teachers who shall watch over your souls as they that must give an account].”  And such faithful teachers “shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword [bring against the errorists sharp cutting truths - “the word of God, quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword” (Heb. 4:12)]… thus shall He deliver us from the Assyrian [the errorists], when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.”  Here is one more pointed Scripture that approves of controversy on various occasions.  Jesus Himself established the law for us for this Gospel Age: “Think not that I am come to send forth Peace on this land; I am come not to send Peace, but War.  For my coming will set a Man against his Father, and a Daughter against her Mother, and a Daughter-in law against her Mother-in-law; so that a man’s enemies will be found in his own family.” (Matt. 10:34-36, Dia.)  It is an inescapable duty of those who would be “faithful to the Lord, the Truth and the Brethren.”  And to such the Lord’s promise is sure: “And it will turn out to you for a Testimony… for I will give you Eloquence and Wisdom, which all your opponents will not be able to gainsay, or resist… And you will be hated by all on account of my name.” (Luke 21:13-17, Dia.)

Especially has this promise been evident in both Harvests.  Certainly, the Apostles and other teachers in the Jewish Harvest put to flight all opponents.  And in the Gospel-Age Harvest the same was also definitely true.  This has been in keeping with the prophecy: “I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth.” (Isa. 41:15,16)  A threshing instrument is only for harvest purposes; and those familiar with the facts know that the Harvest Truth did have “teeth” in it.  “Thou shalt thresh the mountains [kingdoms by exposing the error of the Divine right of kings, etc.] and beat them small [the Harvest message revealed how ridiculous were such claims, made them truly look “small”]… thou shalt rejoice in the Lord, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel.” The teaching is clear that the elect, especially their teachers, will be victorious in the Harvest conflicts with error.  “No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper.” (Isa. 54:17) Therefore, when leaders do not “prosper” in “contending for the faith” we may know that they are contending for error.

Upon receiving the Truth, which is in “the mouth sweet as honey” (Rev. 10:9,10), many reach the mistaken conclusion that they have come to the end of all controversy, and have entered the Beulah land of rest and peace, never again to be disturbed.  But not so!  “Good soldiers” must ever be ready to do battle whenever and wherever occasion arises; and it is an experience common to all who have borne any part of the burden and heat of the day that “when the sons of God present themselves before the Lord, Satan comes also.” (Job. 1:6)  And he is not one to promote the peace and prosperity of Zion in any measure - although he often appears to be so with “words smoother than butter.”  Rather, against the Kingdom and its establishment, and against any and all of the Elect, he is the avowed enemy ready to cast a stone among them at every opportunity.  Thus, they are his special targets always pitting the “wheat” class against the “buckwheat” class; “the peace of God which passeth understanding” is anathema to him.  Therefore, as soon as any of the Elect escape from the kingdom of darkness - from “the veil that is spread over all nations [the veil of ignorance and superstition]” (Isa. 25:7) they should logically expect to be the special target of the Prince of Darkness; and experience has taught us all that this is certainly true.  We need only consider the experience of Jesus Himself in Matthew 4:1-11, after His forty-day fast in the wilderness for confirmation of this conclusion.

It is well, however, to keep in mind that Satan is a master of deception, which is clearly illustrated in his trickery with Eve in the Garden.  “The woman was deceived.” (1 Tim. 2:14)  Hence, he does not blow a trumpet before him when he leads God’s people astray, even though war is in his heart.  “The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords.” (Psa. 55:21)  He is indeed the “wolf in sheep’s clothing” - the “angel of light” - the proclaimer of “advancing truth,” which always does away with the Truth already established.  This is the clear record for the entire Gospel Age to those of us who are “established in the Present Truth.”  And he readily downgrades those who oppose his errors.  Jesus was grossly slandered by the “preachers” of His time, as “a glutton and a winebibber”; Martin Luther was the “heretic,” the renegade who got drunk (also a winebibber), the “sifter” who caused divisions, etc., by the words of the Man of Sin; the loving and lovable John Wesley was the “dissenter,” the nomadic preacher without a pulpit (to which he replied, “The world is my pulpit”); and Brother Russell was the “illiterate haberdasher,” the braying Balaam’s ass, etc.

But sad to say, many who would rest at ease upon their creed beds fell into the snare of the fowler, which is one of the evidences now, one of the “signs of the times,” that we are in “the evil day.”  The Harvest siftings abundantly confirm this; and the sixth slaughter weapon of Revolutionism is everywhere rampant.  One of the chief weapons of this sifting work is the cry, No more controversy; let us have peace!  Instead of “spoiling” the Assyrian (the sifting errorists), they allow the Assyrian to spoil them.

THE PATH OF THE JUST

Those who continue to “fight the good fight” along the lines prescribed in the Bible continue to progress; whereas, “those who sleep” retrogress.  Without activity in the study, practice and spread of “the good Word of God” there will not only be no progress, but there will be just the reverse.  Thus, St. Peter (2 Peter 3:18) exhorts us, “Grow in Grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ”; and Brother Russell states that it is impossible to do one without the other.  And it follows, too, that when we see others introducing “strong delusions” in the Truth movement, it is our bounden duty to “raise up a standard against such.”

Often we hear the text quoted, “The path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.” (Prov. 4:18)  Today many contend that this is an individual matter, with sufficient knowledge in the Six Volumes of Scripture Studies and other Parousia writings to accomplish this.  This is only a half truth, and half truths are more misleading than whole errors.  Accepting such a position makes it easy to go to sleep.  But note the direct contradiction to such a position in Parousia Volume 1, p. 20: “Those who will turn away from the mere speculations of men, and devote time to searching the Scriptures, not excluding reason, which God invites us to use (Isa. 1:18), will find that a blessed bow of promise spans the heavens… For the child of God a lamp is provided whose light dispels from his pathway much of the darkness… But it is only ‘the path of the just’ that ‘is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day’… The class referred to is ‘justified by faith’… While it is true that the path of each individual believer is a shining one, yet the special application of this statement is to the just (justified) as a class… The light will continue to increase beyond the present - ‘unto the perfect day’… illuminating as it becomes due.”

And to emphasize this statement we offer another comment from the 1912 Watch Tower Reprint 5055, under the caption, Light Shining More and More Unto The Perfect Day:

“It would not be becoming on our part to speak with positiveness of how much our Lord knew during His earthly ministry.  For how could we know except as it was declared.  He said that the times and seasons were not at that time known by any but ‘the Father only.’  We cannot doubt that He knows all on that subject now.  And if our surmises are correct, we know more on that subject now than our Lord did then.”

And by the same process of “reason” we can now say, we know more on some things today than did Brother Russell during his lifetime.  Surely, none would dispute this self-evident truth, although this offers no occasion at all for “boasting” over present possessions of Truth - nor was Brother Russell boasting when he stated, as quoted above, “we know more on that subject now than our Lord did then.”

STRONG DELUSIONS

Nevertheless, it is a fair and reasonable question, Why does the Lord permit the strong delusions and trials of this evil day, when they actually do overthrow the faith of many and severely test all?  The Apostle Paul answers this question in 2 Thessalonians 2:11,12: “For this cause God shall send them [those who received not the love of the Truth that they might be saved] strong delusion, that they should believe a lie [such as no more controversy, the world on trial now before Armageddon - the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ teaching]: that they might be condemned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.”  Note the added force to this text as it is given in the Diaglott: “God will send to them an energy of delusion, to their believing the falsehood; in order that all those may be judged who believed not the Truth, but approved the iniquity.”  Plainly, then, we are told that God not only permits, but also desires, that the faith of His professed people should be severely tried.  And if the thousands fall by these fiery darts of the enemy, it is because they are unworthy of the Truth - not having received it in the love of it, much the same as “The spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him.” (1 Sam. 16:14)

Many indeed receive the Truth very much as a child receives a new toy.  It is a curiosity, something new (like Grimm’s Fairy Tales when read for the first time), to be enjoyed for a season and then laid aside to be superseded by something else that temporarily pleases the fancy - some “sleight-of-hand” that may be produced by an aspiring leader.  Then there are some who grasp the Truth as a cudgel wherewith to gain the honors of victory in arguments with opponents - they are overcome by the “knowledge that puffeth up.”  It is a sound teaching that the Truth brings to its recipients “the peace of God which passeth understanding” (Phil. 4:7); and such peace comes to one and all so long as they “receive the Truth in the love of it”; but such peace is not the peace of indifference, not the peace at any price, not the peace of cowardice when controversy appears.

The Truth does indeed make strange bedfellows - widely separated by race, nationality, education and other providential circumstances.  Thus, we find some who are too aggressive; just as we find some that are not aggressive enough; but a proper application of the Truth and its spirit will eventually give to all “the spirit of a sound mind.”  It will calm down the warmongers and energize to battle those that would calmly permit the Truth stream to be polluted.  St. James has properly stated the matter: “The wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable.” (James 3:17)  To those who would ignore this plain Scripture the Prophet Amos has some critical words: “Woe to them that are at ease [at peace with all men] in Zion… that lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches [in languid indifference when errorists - the Assyrian - would muddy the clear pure Harvest Truth-stream].” (Amos 6:1-4)  Our Lord Himself says, “Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets.” (Luke 6:26)

In this connection, That Servant has some more to say in the September 1, 1916 Watch Tower, Reprint 5949:

“Let us remember, too, that God has promised to keep and guide the minds of those whose hearts are loyal and true to Him.  We should therefore conclude that if the Lord is thrusting any one out of the light as unworthy of it, into the outer darkness of the world, if He is permitting unfaithful ones to be seduced by the great enemy, it is not our mission to follow them into the outer darkness by reading, conversation, etc.  We are to remain with the Lord and those who are walking in the light, and to seek others to take the places of those who now deny or ignore the precious blood of the covenant wherewith they were once sanctified.  Neither are we to waste sympathy upon those who depart.”

Although we are not heart-examiners, God is; and, when He manifests one by permitting him to go into outer darkness - as is true of the “unprofitable servant” of Matthew 25:30 (see Berean Comment), then we can know of a surety that there was something wrong with the heart, with the character, of which we may have been unaware.  But, when this does become apparent, then we have the indisputable evidence of the loss of God’s favor - gauged by the depth of his departure into “outer darkness.”

Such conclusion would also be strengthened by the depth of the Holy Spirit in those observing the deflection.  St. Peter clearly revealed that he had read the heart of Ananias - “Why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart?” (Acts. 5:4) - and St. Paul corroborates this opinion: “The Word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.” (Heb. 4:12)  The word “discerner” in this text is from the Greek kritikis, meaning critic or judge.  It is found only once in the New Testament, and is derived from the Greek krino: it is closely related to the Greek krisis, which is translated damnation in John 5:29, the real meaning of which is judgment.  Jesus Himself substantiates this meaning in Matthew 7:15-16, Dia.: “Beware of false teachers… By their fruits you will discover them.”  These words would be empty indeed were we unable to penetrate any deeper than the skin, although it is common fallacy among men to “look on the outward appearance,” which offers the warning that we should ever proceed very cautiously when attempting to “discern the thoughts and intents of the heart.”  We are not to judge according to the faults and blemishes of the fallen man, but we are to judge (recognize) them according to their faithfulness to the Truth - or by their revolutionisms against the Truth and departure from the Truth they once received.  It is the “Word of God” that manifests such people to us.

However, it is here timely to stress that all of the Lord’s followers have more or less faults and blemishes, but these failings are not to determine our opinion of them - their heart condition.  There can be only one touchstone, and that is the Truth itself.  Jesus said, “Now ye are clean through the word [the Truth] which I have spoken unto you” (John 15:3); and this offers the ready conclusion that those who cast away the Word that once sanctified them are now become self-evidently unclean - not on the surface merely, but in the heart.  Usually blemishes are apparent on the surface, and some are quick to conclude that such appearance is a gauge of the hearts, but this is a mistake, and should certainly be avoided.  “Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called.” (1 Cor. 1:26)  So it has always been easy to see the faults of the called ones; but it is definitely not the privilege of the called ones to parade the faults of other called ones - and this should hold true even if we see them losing the Truth - even though we may realize that there was something unworthy in their characters that caused them to lose the Truth that once sanctified them, something that caused the Lord to manifest them as such.  All of us know that Brother Russell declined to attack the morals of the Roman priesthood; he allowed the Truth to manifest them and their errors.

Knowledge is not the primary gauge of Christian character, because all of the saints after Apostolic times had more or less of error; yet they made their calling and election sure.  However, That Servant taught that we should esteem most highly those whose zeal for the Truth actuated them to systematic and energetic study of the Word; especially so, those elders “who toil in word and teaching.” (1 Tim. 5:17, Dia.)  St Paul says such should be “esteemed worthy of double honor,” because they are those who come within the scope of Psalms 42:1: “As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.”  Conversely, those who esteem the Truth lightly, merely to minister to their selfishness, or their ego, or for present advantage (“through covetousness shall they with feigned words making merchandise of you” - 2 Peter 2:3), are unworthy of it; and it is God’s will that they should lose it.  Therefore, “strong delusions” are sent, which “if it were possible, would deceive the very elect” (Matt. 24:24) - to separate the true from the false.  In this Age of faith the Truth was not designed for the “slothful in business” (Rom 12:11), or for the wicked or avaricious.

St Peter describes this latter evil very well in Acts 8:20-23: “Thy money perish with thee, because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money.  Thou hast neither part nor lot in this matter: for thy heart is not right in the sight of God… Thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity.”  Indeed, “Light [Truth] is sown for the righteous [those who receive it in a good and honest heart], and joy [the joys of the Truth and its spirit] for the upright in heart.” (Psa. 97:11)  Some of us have wondered why our relatives or close fiends did not receive the Truth gladly; but, when they did not receive it thus, we should conclude that they are not “of the Truth,”  and should direct our efforts toward more responsive minds.  The veil that is spread over all nations” (Isa. 25:7) has fostered many superstitions of wide variety; and over the centuries these vagaries have gripped the minds of many with compelling force.  We are very well acquainted with a multi-millionaire who would not think of undertaking any kind of voyage on Friday; but no one would suspect him of such weakness unless they had become intimately acquainted with him.  It is very unlikely that such a mind would be responsive to sound sober truth, nor would he be in favor of engaging in any controversy that would challenge his ludicrous flummery.  Such a man would not be inclined to “earnestly contend for the faith.” (Jude 3)

The faithful children of God embrace the Truth because they have a warm affinity for it; and they are most happy when they can minister it to other receptive hearts and minds.  “His word was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones” (Jer. 20:9), which instantly prompts such to “earnestly contend for the faith” - to “preach the word in season and out of season” - in winsome presentation, or in sharp controversy whenever occasion demands.  All such realize the unspeakable value of the Truth; they always give “thanks unto God for His unspeakable gift” - His “inexpressible gift.” (2 Cor. 9:15, Dia.)  Such “buy the Truth, and sell it not” - they sell it not for money or for “the praise of men.”  This is what is meant by receiving the Truth into a good and honest heart.  And to all such the promise is sure, “He shall give His angels [Messengers - competent teachers well established in “the present truth”] charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.” (Psa. 91:11)

During this faith Age, the “angels” are usually well-instructed brethren who have studied to show themselves workmen approved of God, who rightly divide the Truth (2 Tim. 2:15), ever joyfully willing to feed the flock of God - or even some sister well established in present truth, who takes a motherly interest in the lambs of the flock.  We may be certain that the Lord always provides for His own; and “great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall offend [stumble] them.” (Psa. 119:165)  Thus, the one thing to which all the elect should first look is what they have received - and still hold - the Truth in the love of it.  All who do this have, for Gospel-Age purposes, inherited goodly Canaan land, which means that they have acquired the Truth and the spirit of the Truth.  This is what is meant by “continuing in My Word” - and “you shall know the Truth, and the Truth shall make you free.”  Such belief of the Truth comes only through a real sanctification of the spirit, a complete setting apart to the Divine will and service.  This will sometimes put us on the mountain top, as it also will often place us “in the valley of the shadow,” sometimes “sons of peace,” sometimes “good soldiers” able and willing “earnestly to contend for the faith.”  The sufferings of our Lord were directly or indirectly caused from advocating unpopular truth and exposing popular errors - and if we would be faithful we “ought also so to walk, even as he walked.” (1 John 2:6)

We should not expect to see all in any ecclesia thus fortified, and we must make due allowance for “growth in Grace and in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus”; but God has provided His angels (messengers) to accomplish this in all whose “mind is stayed on thee.”  The faithful student of the Word should be able always to give a reason for his hope.  The Word of God alone is able to make wise, and is profitable for doctrine, instruction, etc., “that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished.” (1 Peter 3:15; 2 Tim. 3:15-17)  Only this one storehouse contains an exhaustless supply of things both new and old - meat in due season for the household.  God’s Word is a great storehouse of food for hungry pilgrims.  There is milk for babes and strong meat for those more developed (1 Peter 2:2; Heb. 5:14); and not only so, but it contains food adapted to the different seasons and conditions.  “Thus saith the Lord, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls.” (Jer. 6:16)  Only a comparatively few are seeking the “old paths” and “the faith once delivered unto the saints.” (Jude 3)

(John J. Hoefle, Reprint No. 196, October 1971)